1. Section 1 Review Land Biomes
Chapter 20 Biomes
Section 1 Review
Land Biomes

2. Using Key Terms
1. Use each of the following terms in a separate sentence: biome and tundra.
A biome is characterized by biotic and abiotic factors.
Tundra is in polar regions and at the top of the mountains

3. Using Key Terms
2. Write a definition of the following of these terms: savannah and desert. Savannah is a grassland that has scattered clumps of trees and, seasonal rains, fires, and drought. A desert is a biome that is very dry and often very hot.

4. Understanding Key Ideas
3. If you visited savannah, you would most likely see.
Large of grazing animals such as zebras, gazelles, and wildebeests.

5. Desert ecosystem 4. Components a desert ecosystem include
A hot, dry climate
Plants that grow far apart.
Animals that active mostly at night.
All of the above

6. Understanding Key Ideas
5. List seven biomes that are found on land. Temperate deciduous forests, coniferous forests, tropical rain forest, temperate grassland, savannah, desert and tundra

7. Characteristics of biome
6. What are two things that characterize a biome. It is a large region characterized by its climate. It is characterized by plants and animals that live in that region.

8. Critical Thinking
7. While excavating an area in a desert, scientist discovers the fossils of very large trees and ferns. What might the scientist conclude about biomes in this area. Scientist might conclude that the area was once a forest biome and that the area received more rain the past year.

9. Critical Thinking
8. Tundra receives very little rainfall. Could tundra accurately be called a frozen desert? No. Deserts receive less than 25cm of rain per year. Tundra receives 30 to 50cm of rain per year. Also, unlike plants in a desert, plants on the tundra are not spread apart and do not have adaptions to a dry and hot climate.

10. Interpreting Graphs
Use the bar graph below to answer the questions that follow.

11. Interpreting Graphics
9. Which biome receives 50cm or more of rain each year? Coniferous forest, temperate grassland, savannah, and tundra. 10. Which biome receives the smallest amount of rain? Desert and savannah

12. DIRECTED READING A ANSWERS
1. abiotic 2. biotic 3. biome 4. temperate deciduous forests, coniferous forests, tropical rain forests 5. to save water during the winter or during the dry season 6. coniferous 7. Most produce seeds in cones and have leaves that are like needles with a thick, waxy coating. 8. helps keep coniferous leaves from drying out; protects needles from damage by cold winter temperatures; allows conifers to keep leaves all year 9. covered with a thick layer of needles, and little light reaches the ground. 10. because they have more kinds of plants and animals than any other land biome 11. in the canopy 12. in plants 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. C 17. C 18. Desert plants grow far apart to avoid competition for water; have shallow, widespread roots to take up water after a storm; have fleshy stems and leaves to store water; and have a waxy coating to prevent water loss. 19. C 20. D 21.A 22.B 23. tundra 24. permafrost 25. The layer of thawed soil is too shallow for deep-rooted plants. 26. It is located at the top of tall mountains. 27.an area on a mountain above a certain elevation where trees cannot grow.

13. Section 2 Review Marine Ecosystems
Chapter 20 Biomes
Section 2 Review
Marine Ecosystems

14. Using Key Terms
1. Use each of the following terms in a separate sentence: Plankton and estuary. Answers will vary: Plankton are tiny organisms that form the base of many of the ocean’s food chains. An estuary is an area where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean.

15. Understanding Key Ideas
2. Water temperature b. affects the types of organisms that can live in a marine ecosystem. 3. What are three abiotic factors that affect marine ecosystems? Water temperature, water depth, and the amount of sunlight that passes into the water.

16. Understanding Key Ideas
4. Describe four major ocean zones. The intertidal zone is the place where the ocean meets the land. This area is exposed to air for part of the day. The neritic zone is farther from shore where the water starts to get deeper. This water is often warm and sunny. The oceanic zone starts where the sea floor drops sharply. It includes the deepest part of the ocean. The benthic zone is the ocean floor.

17. Understanding Key Ideas
5. Describe five marine ecosystems. For each ecosystem, list an organism that lives there. Intertidal areas include mudflats, sandy beaches, and rocky shores. Worms live in intertidal areas. Coral reefs are found in the shallow waters of the neritic zone. Corals are small animals that make up the reefs. Estuaries are areas where fresh water meets salt water. Plankton are abundant in estuaries. The Sargasso Sea is found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Sargassum is an alga found in this ecosystem. Polar ice is found at the poles. Plankton thrive on the nutrients found in this near freezing water.

18. Math Skills
6. The ocean covers about 71% of the Earth’s surface. If the total surface area of the Earth is about 510 million square kilometers, how many square kilometers are covered by the ocean?
510,000,000 km2 X 0.71 = 362,100,000 km2

19. Critical Thinking
7. Animals in the Sargasso Sea hide with the sargassum. Color is only one way to blend in. What is another way that animals can blend in with sargassum? Animals in the Sargasso Sea could look like or be shaped like the leaves of sargassums.

20. Critical Thinking
8. Many fishes and other organisms that live in the deep ocean produce light. What are two ways in which this light might be useful? The light may attract prey. The light may also confuse a predator.

21. Critical Thinking
9. Imagine you are studying animals that live in intertidal zones. You just discovered a new animal. Describe the animal and adaptations the animal has to survive in the intertidal zone. Answers will vary. Recognize that intertidal organisms must have adaptations for exposure to air and for the effect of surf.

22. DIRECTED READING A ANSWERS
1. marine ecosystems 2. blue whales 3. plankton 4. They use photosynthesis to make their own food. 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. Through evaporation, oceans provide much of Earth’s precipitation; ocean temperatures and currents affect world climates and wind patterns; and people and animals depend on oceans for food. 13. mudflats, sandy beaches, rocky shores 14. Some have rootlike structures called holdfasts to attach themselves to rocks; others release a special glue that attaches them to rocks. 15. Answers may vary. Sample answer: algae, brightly colored fishes, sponges, sea stars, sea urchins 16. estuary 17. plankton 18. Most of the animals in the Sargasso Sea are the same color as sargassums. 19. Yes, because the icy waters are rich in nutrients that support plankton, which in turn are eaten by these other animals

23. Section 3 Review Freshwater Ecosystems
Chapter 20 Biomes
Section 3 Review
Freshwater Ecosystems

24. Using Key Terms
Use the following terms in the same sentence: wetland, marsh, and swamp.
Sample answer: Both a marsh and a swamp are wetlands.

25. Understanding Key Ideas
2. A major abiotic factor in freshwater ecosystems is the b. speed of the water.

26. Understanding Key Ideas
3. Describe the three zones of a lake. The area of water closest to the edge of the lake is the littoral zones. Sunlight reaches the bottom of the littoral zone. The open-water zone stretches across the surface of the water from the edge of the littoral zone. The open-water zone goes as deep as sunlight can reach. The deep-water zone lies beneath the open-water zone. It stretches to the bottom of the lake.

27. Understanding Key Ideas
4. Explain how a lake can become a forest over time. Materials settle to the bottom of the lake. Bacteria decompose these materials and use oxygen in the water. The loss of oxygen affects the survival of animals in the water many fishes die because of the loss of oxygen. As the pond fills in plants grow in the filled areas. Over time, the pond becomes a swamp or marsh. Eventually, the swamp or marsh becomes a forest.

28. Math Skills
5. Sunlight can penetrate a certain lake to a depth of 15 m. The lake is five and a half times deeper than the depth to which light can penetrate. In meters, how deep is the lake?
15m X 5.5 = 82.5 m

29. Critical Thinking
6. When bacteria decompose material in a pond, the oxygen in the water may be used up. So fishes in the pond die. How might the absence of fish lead to a pond filling faster? If the fishes die, the bodies of the fishes will contribute to the material on the bottom of the pond. Also, while the fishes were alive, they may have eaten plankton, algae, or water plants. Without fishes, these plankton, algae, and plants may multiply, adding to the material in the pond.

30. Critical Thinking
7. Imagine a seep, rocky stream. What kinds of adaptations might animals living in this stream have? Explain your answer. Answers may vary. You should mention adaptations to moving water, such as attaching to rocks, using suction disks, and living under rocks.

31. DIRECTED READING A ANSWERS
1. melting ice or snow and a spring 2. river 3. tributary 4. how quickly water moves 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. Sunlight reaches the bottom of the littoral zone. 12. Answers may include three of the following: catfish; carp; worms; crustaceans; fungi; bacteria. 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. Wetlands support many different kinds of plants and animals; they play a role in flood control by soaking up large amounts of water; they help replenish underground water supplies. 17. in shallow areas along shores of lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams 18. in low-lying areas and beside slow-moving rivers 19. C 20. B