1. Meat Tenderizer Andrés Azorin, Nicolas Catelli, Jennifer Lee, Rodrigo Garza 9ºA

2. BACKGROUND The beef has 36g of proteins in a slice. the meat can be tenderized by fruit. Best options: Papaya, Kiwi or Pineapple. Tenderizing involves breaking down the muscle fibers in the meat to soften the texture, making the meat easier to chew and taste better. Even the toughest cuts of meat, from chuck roasts to pork shoulders, can be turned into succulent, juicy meals with the right methods. Here's how you can tenderize meat using either mechanical means, such as pounding or scoring, chemical means, such as marinades, or cooking methods, such as braising.

3. Tenderizing with Kiwi Kiwifruit is effective in breaking down connective tissues without turning the meat into mush. It also has a fairly neutral flavor that won’t significantly affect the taste of your marinade. To use it, just add a tablespoon or two of kiwifruit puree into every cup of marinade. The tenderizing effect will depend on how much kiwifruit you add and how long you let it soak, but I’ve let meat sit in a kiwifruit infused marinade for up to a week without any negative effects on the texture of the meat.

4. Tenderize with Papaya Papain is a protein-cleaving enzyme derived from papaya and certain other plants. Enzymes are complex molecules produced in living organisms to catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions within the cell. (If you have the Chime plugin for viewing three- dimensional molecular structures, you can see a model of the papain molecule).Chime plugin

5. Tenderize with Pineapple Pineapple is a fruit that pairs well with beef, pork, chicken and some types of fish. While imparting a great deal of flavor, pineapple juice helps tenderize tough cuts of meat. The enzyme in pineapple, bromeliad, digests protein, softening the tissues in meat before cooking it. The juice also imparts a rich, tart flavor to meat that many people like. The easiest way to tenderize with pineapple is to buy a fresh one and extract the juice from it by using a small kitchen appliance to pulverize it. Most juice manufacturers pasteurize the juice, a process that kills the enzymes that tenderize the protein found in meat.

6. HYPOTHESIS QUESTION CAN MEAT BE TENDERIZED USING FRUIT? IF MEAT CAN BE TENDERIZED USING FRUIT, THEN A TEST WITH 3 DIFFERENT KINDS OF FRUIT(PAPAYA, KIWI, PINEAPPLE), BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN THE ENZYMES THAT BREAK UP MEAT´S PROTEINS.

7. MATERIALS Kiwi Papaya Pineapple Meat Ablandador de carnes (meat tenderizer) Hardness Measured Device Frying Pan

8. How to tenderize meat? STEPS: 1. Place your cut of meat between two sheets of plastic wrap or wax paper. 2. Hit with a meat mallet or a heavy frying pan the meat repeatedly until it is slightly flattened or try with fruits. 3. Cook as desired.(if it is fruit wait 1hr)

9. RESULTS The experiment was successful, the meat seasoned with fruit was softer than the non-seasoned meat. Kiwi didn´t change flavor it was really good and it was really soft compared to the meat meat that wasn´t marinated Papaya was the same as kiwi Pineapple it tenderized the meat but it tasted as the pineapple

10. DISCUSSION All meats were seasoned the same amount time(1 hour). All pieces were cooked the same amount of time. In order of softness, the meats were ordered as follow: Chemically tenderized meat, kiwi meat, papaya meat, and pineapple meat.

11. CONCLUSION Fruit can work as an efficient meat tenderizer, but is not as effective as its chemical counterpart. However, the fruit tenderizer does not contain chemicals and would be more healthy.

12. BIBLIOGRAPHY Anon. "How Do Meat Tenderizers Work?" WiseGEEK. WiseGeek, n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. http://www.livestrong.com/article/503920-how-to-make-meat-tender-with-fruit/. N.p., n.d. Web.Anon. "How Do Meat Tenderizers Work?" WiseGEEK. WiseGeek, n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. http://www.livestrong.com/article/503920-how-to-make-meat-tender-with-fruit/. N.p., n.d. Web. Matsumoto, Marc. "Learn Three Techniques for Tenderizing Meat." PBS. PBS, 05 June 2012. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.. Anon. "How to Tenderize Steak." WikiHow. WikiHow, n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.. Anon. "11 Meat Tenderizers & Why They Work." : TipNut.com. TipNut, n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2013..http://tipnut.com/tenderizers-work/

13. Meat Tenderizer Andrés Azorin, Nicolas Catelli, Jennifer Lee, Rodrigo Garza 9ºA

14. BACKGROUND The beef has 36g of proteins in a slice. the meat can be tenderized by fruit. Best options: Papaya, Kiwi or Pineapple. Tenderizing involves breaking down the muscle fibers in the meat to soften the texture, making the meat easier to chew and taste better. Even the toughest cuts of meat, from chuck roasts to pork shoulders, can be turned into succulent, juicy meals with the right methods. Here's how you can tenderize meat using either mechanical means, such as pounding or scoring, chemical means, such as marinades, or cooking methods, such as braising.

15. Tenderizing with Kiwi Kiwifruit is effective in breaking down connective tissues without turning the meat into mush. It also has a fairly neutral flavor that won’t significantly affect the taste of your marinade. To use it, just add a tablespoon or two of kiwifruit puree into every cup of marinade. The tenderizing effect will depend on how much kiwifruit you add and how long you let it soak, but I’ve let meat sit in a kiwifruit infused marinade for up to a week without any negative effects on the texture of the meat.

16. Tenderize with Papaya Papain is a protein-cleaving enzyme derived from papaya and certain other plants. Enzymes are complex molecules produced in living organisms to catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions within the cell. (If you have the Chime plugin for viewing three- dimensional molecular structures, you can see a model of the papain molecule).Chime plugin

17. Tenderize with Pineapple Pineapple is a fruit that pairs well with beef, pork, chicken and some types of fish. While imparting a great deal of flavor, pineapple juice helps tenderize tough cuts of meat. The enzyme in pineapple, bromeliad, digests protein, softening the tissues in meat before cooking it. The juice also imparts a rich, tart flavor to meat that many people like. The easiest way to tenderize with pineapple is to buy a fresh one and extract the juice from it by using a small kitchen appliance to pulverize it. Most juice manufacturers pasteurize the juice, a process that kills the enzymes that tenderize the protein found in meat.

18. HYPOTHESIS QUESTION CAN MEAT BE TENDERIZED USING FRUIT? IF MEAT CAN BE TENDERIZED USING FRUIT, THEN A TEST WITH 3 DIFFERENT KINDS OF FRUIT(PAPAYA, KIWI, PINEAPPLE), BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN THE ENZYMES THAT BREAK UP MEAT´S PROTEINS.

19. How to tenderize meat? STEPS: 1. Place your cut of meat between two sheets of plastic wrap or wax paper. 2. Hit with a meat mallet or a heavy frying pan the meat repeatedly until it is slightly flattened or try with fruits. 3. Cook as desired.(if it is fruit wait 1hr)

20. RESULTS The experiment was successful, the meat seasoned with fruit was softer than the non-seasoned meat. Kiwi didn´t change flavor it was really good and it was really soft compared to the meat meat that wasn´t marinated Papaya was the same as kiwi Pineapple it tenderized the meat but it tasted as the pineapple

21. DISCUSSION All meats were seasoned the same amount time(1 hour). All pieces were cooked the same amount of time. In order of softness, the meats were ordered as follow: Chemically tenderized meat, kiwi meat, papaya meat, and pineapple meat.

22. CONCLUSION Fruit can work as an efficient meat tenderizer, but is not as effective as its chemical counterpart. However, the fruit tenderizer does not contain chemicals and would be more healthy.

23. BIBLIOGRAPHY Anon. "How Do Meat Tenderizers Work?" WiseGEEK. WiseGeek, n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. http://www.livestrong.com/article/503920-how-to-make-meat-tender-with-fruit/. N.p., n.d. Web.Anon. "How Do Meat Tenderizers Work?" WiseGEEK. WiseGeek, n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2013. http://www.livestrong.com/article/503920-how-to-make-meat-tender-with-fruit/. N.p., n.d. Web. Matsumoto, Marc. "Learn Three Techniques for Tenderizing Meat." PBS. PBS, 05 June 2012. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.. Anon. "How to Tenderize Steak." WikiHow. WikiHow, n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2013.. Anon. "11 Meat Tenderizers & Why They Work." : TipNut.com. TipNut, n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2013..http://tipnut.com/tenderizers-work/