1. Borderline Personality Disorder Mallory and Sonia

2. Test 1. When your close friend unexpectedly calls off a meeting with you, would you bear an immediate hatred for her/him? 2. Do you have difficulties tolerating loneliness?

3. Test 3. Feel insecure with relationships with others. 4. Do you have dramatic mood from happiness to melancholy? 5. Do you have tendency of self-injuries?

4. Borderline Personality Disorder: Psych Central : “a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts.”

5. Symptoms: unstable interpersonal relationships identity disturbance emotional instability chronic feelings of emptiness tendency to commit suicide If we put the symptoms into the daily lives……

6. Causes Environmental factor: one’s childhood experience Marsha Linehan: “BPD is caused by an interaction between biological factors and an "emotionally invalidating" childhood environment. ”

7. Biological and genetic causes: 1. serotonin (a natural chemical in the brain) 2.have more activation of the limbic system, an area in the brain that controls fear, anger, and aggression

8. Treatments Psychotherapy: help patients cope with their illness Medication: low doses of antipsychotic drugs Self-help: encourage patients to gain additional social support