1. Unit 3: Cells

2. Objectives Understand how various scientist contributed to our understanding of the cell. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of their general structures (plasma membrane and degree of complexity)

3. Basic Structure of a Cell 3

4. What is a Cell 4 A CELL IS… The smallest unit of LIFE the smallest unit biologists study Levels of Organization of living things: CELL  TISSUE  ORGAN  ORGAN SYSTEM  ORGANISM

5. What is an ORGANELLE? 5 Cells have smaller parts inside them called ORGANELLES This means “LITTLE ORGAN.” They perform special functions for the cell to keep it (and the organism) alive ALL cells have organelles

6. Which Cell Type is Larger? Which Cell Type is Larger? Three Basic types of cells include: 6 _________  ___________  _________ Plant cell Animal cell Bacteria

7. Number of Cells 7 Although ALL living things are made of cells, organisms may be: Unicellular – made of one cell Multicellular- made of many cells that may organize into tissues, etc.

8. What is the PURPOSE of all cells? 8 The purpose of ALL cells is the make PROTEINS!!!!! Proteins control almost everything in living organisms, so all organelles are working to help make them! Think of your cells as PROTEIN FACTORIES!

9. What is CELL THEORY? 9 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things 3. New cells come form existing cells (cell division) – LIFE comes from LIFE

10. Think-Pair-Share 10 Let’s revisit your table comparing and contrasting prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Use the images on the next slide to check to see if your predictions about prokaryotes and eukaryotes is accurate.

11. There are 2 types of cells PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE

12. 12 Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Prokaryotic “Before Nucleus” Eukaryotic SizeSmaller and simpler (most are unicellular)Larger and more complex (most are multicellular) Evolutionary AgeOlderYounger Nucleus?Do NOT have a nucleus (DNA floats around the cell and looks like a twisted string) DOES contain a nucleus (DNA is inside the nucleus) Organelles?ONLY: Cell Wall, Cell Membrane and Ribosomes Everything DNA?DNA is free float in the cytoplasmDNA is inside the nucleus ExamplesBacteriaPlants, Animals, Fungi ReproductionBinary fissionMitosis

13. Prokaryotes – the first cells Nucleoid region (center) contains the DNA Surrounded by cell membrane & cell wall (peptidoglycan) Contain ribosomes (no membrane) in their cytoplasm to make proteins 13

14. Eukaryotes 14 Cells that HAVE a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals More complex type of cells

15. Eukaryotic Cell 15 Contain 3 basic cell structures: Nucleus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm with organelles

16. Huge Size Difference! Eukariotic Cells are BIGGER! Prokaryotic Cells are TINY!

17. Stations Station 1: Practice Problems: Complete the Practice problems on the back of your guided notes sheet Station 2: Prokaryotic Cell Coloring Station 3: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cell Characteristic Sort 17