1. 1 State Pretreatment Program Update Deborah Gore Pretreatment, Emergency Response & Collection System Supervisor September 28, 2015

2. The Numbers 110 Active PT programs 80 Full 30 Modified 645 Active SIUs 34% Metals 14% textile 11% food processors 5 % pharmaceuticals 5% laundries 4% OCPSF 2

3. 3 PERCS Accomplishments 9/1/14-8/31/15: Assisted w/ 8 audits 264 IUP drops, mods, renewals, new 7 ERPs 30 HWAs 29 IWSs 25 Monitoring Plans 2 SUOs 15 NPDES request for PT information

4. 4 PERCS Accomplishments Two - Industrial User Permit Writing Workshops (IUP) Two - Pretreatment Annual Report Workshops (PAR) Two - Headworks Analysis Workshops (HWA)

5. 5 Assignments & Contact Info. Monti Hassan 919-807-6314 Chowan, Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, Lumber, Neuse, New, Roanoke, Yadkin Sarah Bass 919-807-6310 Broad, Cape Fear, Catawba,French Broad, Tar- Pam Email: FirstName.LastName@ncdenr.gov

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7. Enforcement QNCR = Quarterly Noncompliance Report Level 1 Failure to take effective enforcement for pass through or interference Failure to submit (over 30 days late) Failure to meet milestone (over 90 days late) 7

8. Enforcement Level 2 Failure to issue IUPs for at least 90% Failure to sample or inspect at least 80% Failure to enforce standards or reporting requirements Any other violation that State or EPA considers to be of substantial concern 8

9. Enforcement 5 Program on QNCR over past year Failure to renew IUPs Failure to submit PAR Failure to take adequate enforcement Failure to submit HWA Failure to sample SIUs Failure to submit information within 30 days 9

10. Mercury Creates Dental Industrial User 99.0% removal of total mercury Incorporate BMPs Submit Baseline Report, 90-day Compliance Report, annual compliance report Maintain documentation of inspection, cartridge replacement and disposal 10

11. Mercury POTW evaluates DIU status annually 90 days to return to compliance Becomes SIU 11

12. Mercury Comments submitted Natural decline in use Dental contributions 0.3 – 0.7% $57,000/lb to over $117,000/lb Processes in place 23 new programs or State oversight of ~360 dental dischargers NC-PC presented data 12

13. Mercury EPA delays rule until summer 2016 State groups, such as the NC-PC, revealed inadvertent regulatory burden on POTWs and dental offices Oversight concerns among states, such as North Carolina and Oregon Ryan Faw urged EPA to withdraw rule No evidence of POTW violations of Hg limits Point sources are only 2% 13

14. Zirconization Draft Zirconization memo from EPA Office of Water Concluded it is a coating process Industry literature Zirconium oxide conversion coating A future conversion coating Non-phosphate conversion “…pretreatments work by passivating the substrate” 14

15. Zirconization Process launched in 2008 Low temperature (energy savings) High efficiency (less chemical consumption) Phosphate free Lower sludge production 15

16. Zirconization May 2009 memo from EPA Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery Not chemical conversion coating within meaning and scope of the F019 listing Chemical conversion includes Coloring Chromating Phosphating 16

17. Zirconization NC-PC comments Operations named for a reason Difference of opinion among EPA offices Less environmental impact PERCS comments Evaluate pollutants of concern Conference call Study of metal finishing industry 17

18. Triennial Review & HWA Stream Standard? 18 Table B Dissolved US EPA Translators - Maximum Total Metals AllowableClass C, C-NSW HQW streams Metals using Default Partition Coefficients (streams) [Dissolved Metal ÷ Translator]C-Swamp, B. and WS streams Estimated NPDES Permit Limits (e) [Total Metal ÷ IWC] ChronicAcute ChronicAcuteChronicAcuteChronicAcute PARAMETER *[µg/l] Cadmium (a)0.271.660.2521.096.571.156.9 0.583.45 Cd - Trout streams (a) 1.030.252 4.08 4.29 2.15 Chromium III (a)463550.2022291757242.21845.8121.1922.9 Chromium VI11161111611.716.85.88.4 Chromium, Total N/A Copper (a,b)5.57.80.34815.722.516.723.68.311.8 Lead (a)1.34340.1847.271867.7195.93.8598 Nickel (a,c)322880.4327466578.3698.739.1349.4 Ni - WS streams 25 26.5 13.2 Silver (a,b)0.061.1910.061.190.061.250.030.63 Zinc (a,b)72 0.288252250266.8262.3133.4131.1 Dissolved Metals that are not hardness dependent - proposed standards the same or greater than existing standards Beryllium6.56516.5656.968.33.434.1 Arsenic (d)1503401150340159357.279.5178.6

19. NCAC 2H.0900 Pretreatment Rules.0903 Definitions Delete Industrial User and Pass Through Some terms are defined differently Interference National Categorical Pretreatment Standard National Pretreatment Standard POTW Pretreatment Significant Industrial User 19

20. NCAC 2H.0900 Pretreatment Rules.0908 Reporting/Record Keeping Including, but not limited to examples include.0916 Pretreatment Permits Deleted waste reduction activities in application Modification of permits.0920 Pretreatment Facility Operation 20

21. Effluent Guidelines Program Plan http://www2.epa.gov/eg/effluent-guidelines-plan Release 2014 review report Continue studies/investigation Petroleum Refining Centralized Waste Treatment Metal Finishing Pesticide Manufacturing 21

22. Effluent Guidelines Program Plan Restate rulemaking schedules Steam Electric Power Generation Dental Amalgam Alaska Seafood Processing Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction Publish findings & continue research of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology Nanomaterials Manufacturing & Product Formulation 22

23. 23 Contact Pretreatment Deborah Gore – PERCS Unit Supervisor 919-807-6383 PERCS Fax # 919-807-6489 Main DWQ Archdale Phone #: 919-807-6300 Email: firstname.lastname@ncdenr.govfirstname.lastname@ncdenr.gov Web site: http://portal.ncdenr.org/web/wq/swp/ps/pret Thank You!

24. Triennial Review & HWA 24

25. From EPA local limits guidance POTWs should convert dissolved metals WQS into the total metals form before using them to calculate water quality-based AHLs. 40 CFR 122.45 (c) requires NPDES permits be written as Total Metals 25

26. Example (current WQS) Permitted flow = 14 MGD Average flow = 7.51 MGD 7Q10 = 0.84 MGD (1.3 CFS) Uncontrollable flow = 6.3258 MGD Cd limit = 0.002 mg/l NPDES MAHL = 0.3796 lb/d [8.34 * 0.002 mg/l * 7.51 MGD/(1 -.67)] 26

27. Example (current WQS) Stream standard = 0.002 mg/l Stream MAHL = 0.4221 lb/d [8.34 * 0.002 mg/l * (7.51 MGD + 0.84 MGD)/(1-.67)] Avg flow = Permitted flow (14 MGD) NPDES MAHL = 0.7076 lb/d Stream MAHL = 0.7501 lb/d 27

28. Screen shot of Proposed Dissolved Metals & Permit Limit Calculators 28

29. Permit Number Facility Name Permitted Flow (MGD) Summer_7Q10 (cfs) Summer_7Q10 (MGD) 8-digit HUCCurrent_ClassWaterbody NC0020559Henderson WRF6.00000.20000.1303010102BNutbush Creek NC0001643MGM Transport WWTP0.5000370.0000239.1203010103WS-IVDAN RIVER (North Carolina portion) NC0003441Carolina Plant0.01503.30002.1303010103C TrLittle Dan River NC0003468Dan River Steam Station0.0000314.0000202.9303010103WS-IVDAN RIVER (North Carolina portion) NC0021873Mayodan WWTP2.500075.000048.4703010103WS-VMayo River NC0024406Belews Creek Steam Station0.000080.000051.7003010103CWest Belews Creek (Little Belews Creek) NC0025071Mebane Bridge WWTP13.5000386.0000249.4603010103WS-IVDAN RIVER NC0025151Dry Creek WWTP1.0000313.0000202.2803010103WS-IVDAN RIVER NC0025526Walnut Cove WWTP0.50008.90005.7503010103CTown Fork Creek NC0029980MillerCoors LLC5.2000369.0000238.4703010103WS-IVDAN RIVER (North Carolina portion) NC0037001Bethany Elementary School0.01000.00000.0003010103CHuffines Mill Creek NC0044750Britthaven of Madison WWTP0.02501.40000.9003010103CHogans Creek NC0044954South Stokes High School0.01730.27000.1703010103CLittle Neatman Creek NC0056791Horizons Residential Care Center0.01500.44000.2803010103CBuffalo Creek NC0060461Abington WWTP0.20000.29000.1903010103WS-IVBelews Creek NC0067091Mikkola Downs Subdivision WWTP0.07200.80000.5203010103CEast Belews Creek NC0075027Cains Way Mobile Home Park0.04320.07500.0503010103CAder Creek NC0078271Betsy Jeff Penn 4H Education0.01310.35000.2303010103CCarroll Creek (Lake Hazel) NC0079049R.H. Johnson Construction WWTP0.06000.07000.0503010103CRough Fork NC0082384Danbury WWTP0.100055.000035.5403010103WS-VDAN RIVER NC0087980Pine Hall Elementary School WWTP0.00400.40000.2603010103Eurins Creek NC0003425Roxboro Steam Electric Power Plant0.01500.00000.0003010104WS-II,B HQWSouth Hyco Creek (Lake Roxboro) NC0007323Yanceyville WTP0.0000 0.0003010104WS-III HQWFullers Creek NC0021024Roxboro WWTP5.00000.00000.0003010104CMarlowe Creek NC0038377Mayo Steam Electric Power Plant21.00000.00000.0003010104CMayo Creek (Maho Creek) (Mayo Reservoir) NC0040011Yanceyville WWTP0.60001.20000.7803010104WS-II HQWCountry Line Creek NC0087645Milton WWTP0.02500.70000.4503010104Country Line Creek NC0088731Gypsum Wallboard Manufacturing Facility0.00500.00000.0003010104Hyco River NC0000680Domtar Paper Company, LLC82.50001160.0000749.6803010107CROANOKE RIVER NC0000752Roanoke Rapids Mill28.00001120.0000723.8203010107WS-IVROANOKE RIVER NC0020028Plymouth WWTP0.8000950.0000613.9603010107CROANOKE RIVER 29

30. Hardness Statistics by 8-Digit HUC North Carolina, 1969 - 2013 Hydrologic Unit CodeN. StationsN. Samples10th PercentileMedian (50th) MinimumMaximum 10301010242074092 19210 203010103168231722 0120 3030101042210042934 1180 40301010671712332 12150 503010107139442831 1860 603010201 7030102022873137 16160 803010203147112228 2520 90301020431762430 0150 1003010205222816692 51617 11030201012211982328 0140 120302010231892227 1088 1303020103149072836 114000 140302010421011216 4120 1503020105 160302010611343860 184200 17030202016527302633 13917 1803020202167252430 0800 1903020203216802026 0620 200302020491664460 0490 210303000132486596 2434000 22030300027231003243 1180 23030300034518633242 14500 30

31. 31 Table B DissolvedUS EPA Translators -Maximum Total Metals AllowableClass C, C-NSW HQW streams Metals using Default Partition Coefficients (streams)[Dissolved Metal ÷ Translator]C-Swamp, B. and WS streams Estimated NPDES Permit Limits (e) [Total Metal ÷ IWC] ChronicAcute ChronicAcuteChronicAcuteChronicAcute PARAMETER *[µg/l] Cadmium (a)0.271.660.2521.096.571.156.9 0.583.45 Cd - Trout streams (a) 1.030.252 4.08 4.29 2.15 Chromium III (a)463550.2022291757242.21845.8121.1922.9 Chromium VI11161111611.716.85.88.4 Chromium, TotalN/A Copper (a,b)5.57.80.34815.722.516.723.68.311.8 Lead (a)1.34340.1847.271867.7195.93.8598 Nickel (a,c)322880.4327466578.3698.739.1349.4 Ni - WS streams 25 26.5 13.2 Silver (a,b)0.061.1910.061.190.061.250.030.63 Zinc (a,b)72 0.288252250266.8262.3133.4131.1 Dissolved Metals that are not hardness dependent - proposed standards the same or greater than existing standards Beryllium6.56516.5656.968.33.434.1 Arsenic (d)1503401150340159357.279.5178.6

32. 32 Table B Dissolved US EPA Translators - Maximum Total Metals AllowableClass C, C-NSW HQW streams Metals using Default Partition Coefficients (streams) [Dissolved Metal ÷ Translator]C-Swamp, B. and WS streams Estimated NPDES Permit Limits (e) [Total Metal ÷ IWC] ChronicAcute ChronicAcuteChronicAcuteChronicAcute PARAMETER *[µg/l] Cadmium (a)0.271.660.2521.096.571.156.9 0.583.45 Cd - Trout streams (a) 1.030.252 4.08 4.29 2.15 Chromium III (a)463550.2022291757242.21845.8121.1922.9 Chromium VI11161111611.716.85.88.4 Chromium, Total N/A Copper (a,b)5.57.80.34815.722.516.723.68.311.8 Lead (a)1.34340.1847.271867.7195.93.8598 Nickel (a,c)322880.4327466578.3698.739.1349.4 Ni - WS streams 25 26.5 13.2 Silver (a,b)0.061.1910.061.190.061.250.030.63 Zinc (a,b)72 0.288252250266.8262.3133.4131.1 Dissolved Metals that are not hardness dependent - proposed standards the same or greater than existing standards Beryllium6.56516.5656.968.33.434.1 Arsenic (d)1503401150340159357.279.5178.6

33. Example (based on formula) Cd MAEC = 0.00115 mg/l NPDES MAHL = 0.2183 lb/d (at current avg flow) Stream = 0.00109 mg/l Stream MAHL = 0.2300 lb/d ( at current avg flow) Average flow = permitted flow (14 MGD) NPDES MAHL = 0.4069 lb/d Stream MAHL = 0.4088 lb/d 33

34. Uncontrollable Uncontrollable can be zero  If all of the influent data for a particular pollutant of concern is all less than the current best available quantitation level.  If the program does sampling of the collection system and sample results are less than the current best quantitation level those results can be averaged as zeros. 34

35. Practical Quantitation Levels Arsenic -2.0 µg/L Cadmium – 0.50 ug/l Chromium - 10 µg/L Copper – 2.0 µg/L Lead - 2.0 µg/L Mercury – 1.0 ng/L (EPA Method 1631E) Molybdenum - 10 µg/L Silver – 1.0 µg/L Selenium - 5.0 µg/L Zinc - 10 µg/L * Red Highlighted are lower than the current model LTMP/STMP 35