1. Social Disorganization Theory Chicago School of Sociology (early 1900s) Emphasizes Ecological Elements in the Urban Environment Immigrant Questions: –Allow immigrants into US or not? –Genetic differences in immigrants versus “native born” Americans ? –Scapegoating social problems (see Ch. 16) Social Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs

2. Model of the ecological process (Park and Burgess) –Concentric Zone Model of urban development Zone of Transition http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/26 –Metro Reef Pattern Sociology Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs

3. Mapping incidents of Delinquency (55,000 over 30 years) Shaw & McKay observe spatial patterns in places where delinquency is clustered Spatial pattern of crime is stable Sociology Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs

4. Ecological features of Zone of Transition: –Crime rate –Economic depression –Physical deterioration (housing) –Single parent households –High % of renters (vs. owners) –Heterogeneity (a.k.a ethnic diversity) –Spatial Mobility Sociology Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs

5. Ethnic Succession –Poor are powerless to resist “invasion” of those prone to illegal behavior –Poor can not resist those who are culturally different New immigrant waves Gentrification Cultural Transmission –Criminogenic social disorganization takes root –“Traditions of Crime” are developed & passed on (Subcultural Theories – Sutherland, W. Miller, etc.) –Structures of Criminal Opportunity: Access to Illegitimate Means focused on street (Drug & Property) crime and violent crime Sociology Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs

6. (Sub)Culture Conflict (Miller 1958) Working class values: “Focal Concerns” –Trouble –Toughness –Smartness –Excitement –Fate –Autonomy Have other values developed since the 1950s? What values are evident in the reading by Jody Miller on Gender, Victimization & Gangs (Ch. 30)? –How is masculinity and gender related to gang membership and member values? How about Jankowski in Ch. 37 “Join a Gang”? How about in Godson & Olson’s “International Organized Crime” (Ch. 31)? Sociology Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs