2. How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?

4. Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce more of their own kind.  Think about it – Without reproduction, all life on earth would no longer exist.

5.  Only one parent is involved.  Offspring are genetically identical to their parents.  All cells that come from a single cell are genetically identical to it and to each other; they are all clones.

6. We have two types of cells in our body a) Gamete cells – sperm and egg cells b) Somatic cells – all body cells except reproductive cells (examples- skin cells, hair cells, nerve cells etc)

7. All somatic cells reproduce by a process called MITOSIS. This is ASEXUAL reproduction. All sexual cells are produced by a process called MIOSIS. This is SEXUAL reproduction

8. The process of asexual reproduction begins after a sperm fertilizes an egg.

9. Skin cancer - the abnormal growth of skin cells - most often develops on skin exposed to the sun. Cell that reproduce by asexual reproduction reproduce constantly.

10. We are going to look at how somatic cells reproduce so that each new cell has the same complete set of instructions (DNA). That process is called

11. 11 Asexual Reproduction Mitosis Mitosis is the process in which the nucleus divides to form two new nuclei. The two new cells created are identical.

13.  A chromosome is a structure composed of DNA.

14.  Each chromosome has a different form.  Humanes have 46 chromosomes in the form of 23 pairs found in the nucleus of each of our cells.

15.  Chromosomes are particularly visibles during the division process of the cell.  Different species have different numbers of chromosomes. - Humans have 46 - Chicken have 78 - Mosquito have 6 - Rice has 24

16.  Segments of DNA determine a particular hereditary trait.  A gene is on a specific spot on each chromosome.

18. We can divide the life cycle into four parts: › 1) Growth (G1) › 2) The synthesis and replication of chromosomes (S) › 3) Preparation for division (G2) › 4) Mitosis (M)– cell division

20. Cell Cycle and Mitosis [3D Animation] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jc ZQkmooyPk

21. Mitosis: The Amazing Cell Process that Uses Division to Multiply! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g wcwSZIfKlM

22. Animated Mitosis Cycle http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase & Cytokinesis

23. Interphase Anaphase Telophase Metaphase Prophase Cell division

24. G1 M M G2 S S Interphase

25. Chromosomes are copied (# doubles) Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils ( chromatin ) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy( sister chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase CELL MEMBRANE Nucleus Cytoplasm

26. Replication Centromere Identical chromatide Chromatide Anaphase Two identical chromosomes Chromosome The centromere is what holds these two identical chromosomes together.

28. Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

29. chromatin

32. Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell. Spindle fibers form between the poles. Centrioles Sister chromatids Spindle fibers

33. Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm Spindle fibers Centrioles

34. Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers. Centrioles Spindle fibers

35. Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

36. Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell. Centrioles Spindle fibers

37. Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

38. Two new nuclei form. Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods). Nuclear membrane reforms Mitosis ends. Nuclei Chromatin

39. Animal Cell Plant Cell Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

40. Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes. Division of the cytoplasm

41. In plant cells, a cell plate forms across the centre of the cell, forming a new cell wall between the two new cells.

43. Mitosis Click the picture above!

44. Animal Mitosis -- Review Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase

45. Plant Mitosis -- Review Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase

46. I I nterphase P P rophase M M etaphase A A naphase T T elophase C C ytokinesis IPMATC I Pray M ore At T he Church

47. 47

48. 48

49. http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm