1. Warm Up Divide up your life span into eras (segments) as if they were chapters in a book. Ex. Location, extracurricular activities, schooling, events that caused change. You can make predictions for the future.

2. My Life in Eras BirthPresent ArlingtonFort Worth BurlesonFort WorthLubbockWillow ParkFort Worth BR Ele.JC Ele. P Ele. HFS MS C9C9 CHSTexas Tech University RCSCTTU Ulib. Mas Com SGHNorth Crowley 9th WHS Traditional FamilyDivorced ParentsExtended Family My Family Life and Structure Places I’ve Lived Schools I attended Work History

3. Teacher Questions 0 How did you know when one era began and another ended? 0 Was there a clean break in your life’s eras? 0 Did any of your eras overlap with each other? 0 Did forces outside your control determine any of the eras in your life?

4. 0 What are historical eras? 0 What constitutes a historical era? 0 Why do historians use them?

5. 0 List the era in U.S. history that you learned in 8 th grade. 0 Colonial 0 Revolution 0 Antebellum/New Nation 0 Jacksonian 0 Civil War 0 Reconstruction

6. What eras do you think we will learn about this year? 0 West & Gilded Age 0 Progressive 0 Rise to World Power/WWI 0 Modern America/Roaring 20’s 0 Great Depression/New Deal 0 America Reacts to War (Pre-WWII) 0 WWII 0 Beginning of Cold War (1950’s) 0 The New Frontier & Vietnam War (1960’s) 0 Civil Rights (1950’s – 1970’s) 0 Conservative Resurgence (1970’s – 1980’s) 0 1990-Present/ Middle East Wars

7. We’re moving West! Western Expansion 1877-1898

8. Economic Factors: What economic factors encouraged the expansion west? 1. The Growth of Railroads 0 Industry relied on railroads for shipping. 0 Railroads expanded westward to meet demands of settlement and economic development of the West. (They carried people and shipped products.)

10. 0 Railroad shipping encouraged the growth of ranching, farming, and mining industries in the West. 0 Industrial and technological innovations in manufacturing and mass communication enabled rapid growth of railroads. (Steel and Telegraph) 0 Although, eventually railroads charged high prices to move their grain and other crops. (Made farmers mad)

11. 0 Central Pacific and Union railroads met in Promontory, Utah on May 10, 1869 creating the first Transcontinental Railroad in the U.S. 0 Transcontinental Railroad – the railroad stimulated a production boom, as industry mined the vast resources of the middle and western continent for use in production in the east.

12. Discussion Question #1: With your shoulder partner(s) discuss and answer the following question: 2. What was the economic impact of the Transcontinental Railroad and how did this contribute to the closing of the frontier in the late 19 th century? Write your answers in complete sentences! Example: “The Transcontinental Railroad impacted the U.S. economically by ________________________________________. It helped close the frontier because ________________________________________.” (You may copy the sentence stem but you have to fill in the blank)

13. 0 2. Farming the West 0 New immigrants and farmers move west and start farming the west. ( Why? What caused it?) 0 Homestead Act (1862) – federal land grants (160 acres) to western settlers at no cost. That = FREE (600,000 families took advantage of this opportunity….that is a very large amount of people…) The Hilton Family-1887…Yes that’s an organ…

14. Discussion Question #2: With your shoulder partner(s) discuss and answer the following question: 2. What was the impact of the Homestead Act on the west? Write your answers in complete sentences! Example: “The Homestead Act led to ______________________________.” (You may copy the sentence stem but you have to fill in the blank)

15. 0 Late 1800s farmers began to rely on mechanization or new machines (McCormick Reaper/Steel Plow) to improve and increase agricultural production. Increased food production allowed for a population boom. But, overproduction could and often did occur and farmers would go into debt. 0.

16. 3. Cattle Industry Boom 0 After the Civil War, the cattle industry boomed in the late 1800s as the demand for beef grew in cities, and culture and influence of the Plains American Indians declined. 0 Railroads provided method of transportation of beef to urbanized areas.

17. 0 Vaqueros (Mexican cowboys) taught the American settlers how to be cowboys. They taught the settlers how to take care of the cattle (Texas Longhorns).

18. Discussion Question #3: With your shoulder partner(s) discuss and answer the following question: 3. Once the cattle boom was underway, more Americans had access to beef and generally could afford to purchase and eat beef. How does the more wide-spread availability of beef affect Americans overall diet and health? How does that effect the population of America? Write your answers in complete sentences! Example: “The diet and health of Americans__________________________________________ after the cattle industry boom. The population of the U.S. __________________________.” (You may copy the sentence stem but you have to fill in the blank)