1. Ancient Civilizations of the Americas Lecture 3 Anthropological Concepts

2. Levels of Sociocultural Integration and Associated Social and Qualitative Attributes LevelSocial StructureLeadershipForm of Social Status Family Levelbilateral kinship Situational Seniority network LevelSocial StructureLeadershipForm of Social Status SegmentaryUnranked LineagesHeadmen-BigmenAchieved Prominent KillersAchieved ShamansAchieved Qualitative distinctions: Clan insignia/symbols, clan meeting houses, ancestor veneration including ancestral shrines/tombs, primitive valuables, community craft specialists.

3. LevelSocial StructureLeadershipForm of Social Status ChiefdomRamage/Conical ClanChieftains Ascribed Aristocracy Ascribed Section Leaders Ascribed Judges Ascribed Priests Ascribed Master Craftsmen Ascribed Qualitative distinctions: Lineages as basic corporate social grouping, 2-3 tiered administrative settlement hierarchy, chiefdom central place pattern of settlement, circular external boundary, wedge-shaped internal territories, capital set, ancestor veneration including ancestral shrines/tombs, professional genealogists, attached craft specialists, staple finance, sumptuary patterns of consumption, elite sponsorship of religion, elite sponsored community level corporate labor projects, primitive bureaucracy, chiefly demesne territory.

4. LevelSocial StructureLeadershipForm of Social Status Primitive StateChiefdoms supercededKing Ascribed by administratorsRoyal Appointees Achieved and royal familyAristocracy Ascribed Chieftains Ascribed Ranked Priesthood Ascribed Head of Army Achieved Judges Ascribed Master Craftsmen Ascribed Qualitative distinctions: 4 tiered administrative hierarchy, royal capital, royal burials, ritual homicide, professional full-time army, taxes and rent, royal demesne territory, irregularly-shaped internal territories.