1. The Korean War Chapter 18.2 The Forgotten War

2. Events Leading Up to Korea Chiang Kai-Shek The leader of Chinese Nationalist U.S. supported($3 billion in aid) Gov’t was corrupt and ineffective Lost support of the peasants Mao Zedong Leader of the Communists in China Won peasant support by encouraging them to read & improve food production As a result, the Communist Red Army grew

3. Renewed Chinese Civil War Once Japan was ousted after WWII, cooperation between Nationalists & Communists ceased to exist U.S. foreign policy (Truman Doctrine) favored the Nationalists (They opposed Communism) Truman refused to commit American troops ($2 billion in military supplies sent) May, 1949- Nationalists flee to Taiwan (Formosa): Communists controlled mainland China (People’s Republic of China)- U.S. will refuse to recognize it

4. Americans Outraged In the eyes of Americans “Containment had failed!!” The U.S. should have done more (Was it more important to prevent the spread of Communism in Europe than in Asia?) Conservatives claim that the American Gov’t was full of Communist agents (spies) American fear of Communism spread rapidly

5. War in Korea Setting the Stage End of WWII- Japanese troops north of the 38 th parallel surrendered to the Soviets/south of the 38 th to the U.S. 2 zones created in 1948- Republic of Korea (South Korea) led by Syngman Rhee: democratic & Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) led by Kim Il Sung By June, 1949- U.S. had only 500 troops in S. Korea/The Soviets were set to back N. Korea in an attempt to take over the whole peninsula War Breaks Out June, 1950- N. Korea crosses the 38 th parallel and attacks S. Korea Truman orders troops stationed in Japan to help & also sends an American fleet into the waters between Taiwan and China In all, 16 nations send 520,000 troops to help (90% U.S.)/S. Korean troops numbered 590,000 The combined troops would be led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur

6. Pic. A Pic. B Pic. C Pic. D Steps of the War Pic. A- North Korea invades South Korea & captures Seoul (the capital) Pic. B- North Koreans push the combined army all the way to Pusan Pic. C- U.N. troops led by Gen. MacArthur leads a 2 pronged attack from Pusan & Inchon/drive North Korea back to the Yalu R. Pic. D- Chinese intervene & push the U.N. troops back across the 38 th parallel

7. MacArthur & Truman Gen. MacArthur was not satisfied with regaining S. Korea (He wanted an all out war against China) He spoke with publishers and Republican leaders about his goals/wishes Although he was warned repeatedly, MacArthur continued to criticize Truman April, 1951- Truman fires MacArthur MacArthur failed to see the big picture (A war with China would surely start WWIII b/c of Soviet intervention on behalf of China)

8. The Outcome June, 1951- Soviet Union suggests a cease fire Talks begin and the 2 sides reach an agreement on 1. establishment of the 38 th parallel as the battle line along with a DMZ between the 2 sides 2. prisoner exchange At best the war was a stalemate (Communism was contained but the Korean peninsula was still 2 countries)