1. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. PowerPoint to accompany Medical Language for Modern Health Care, 3e Allan, Lockyer Chapter 5: Digestive System

2. 5-2 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestive System

3. 5-3 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Lesson 5.1: The Digestive System

4. 5-4 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. The Digestive System Alimentary Canal Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine Accessory Organs Teeth, Tongue, Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

5. 5-5 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following root elements: - bari-weight - digest-to break down - laparo-abdomen in general - lymph-spring water

6. 5-6 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Identify and define the root elements of the following terms: - amylase-starch - deglutition-to swallow and action - elimination and process-throw away - peristalsis-around and constrict

7. 5-7 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Lesson 5.2: Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus

8. 5-8 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus The Mouth and Mastication - buccinator muscles - palate - uvula

9. 5-9 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus (cont.) The Mouth and Mastication - tongue - papillae

10. 5-10 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following abbreviations: - ESR-erythrocyte sedimentation rate - SSbA-sjogren syndrom antitibodies A - SSB-sjogren syndrom antibodies A - WBC-white blood cell

11. 5-11 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus - adult teeth

12. 5-12 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus - salivary glands

13. 5-13 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following root elements: - cusp - lingu page 101 - mandibul - saliv

14. 5-14 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Disorders of the Mouth - plaque - dental caries © Photo Network Stock / Grant Heilman Photography Inc.

15. 5-15 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus (cont.) Disorders of the Mouth (cont.) - stomatitis 1. mouth ulcers 2. cold sores 3. thrush Oral Thrush

16. 5-16 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus (cont.) Disorders of the Mouth - stomatitis 4. leukoplakia 5. oral cancer 6. halitosis 7. glossodynia Oral Cancer

17. 5-17 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following suffixes: - itis - ectomy page 103 - osis - dynia - ist

18. 5-18 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus (cont.) Deglutition (swallowing) — Pharynx and Esophagus - phases of swallowing 1. phase one

19. 5-19 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus (cont.) Deglutition (swallowing) — Pharynx and Esophagus - phases of swallowing 2. phase two

20. 5-20 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus (cont.) Deglutition (swallowing) — Pharynx and Esophagus - phases of swallowing 3. phase three

21. 5-21 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus (cont.) Deglutition (swallowing) — Pharynx and Esophagus - phases of swallowing 4. phase four

22. 5-22 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus (cont.) Deglutition (swallowing) — Pharynx and Esophagus - disorders of the esophagus 1. esophagitis (GERD) 2. hiatal hernia 3. esophageal varices 4. cancer of the esophagus

23. 5-23 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition 1.vomiting of red blood 2.difficulty swallowing 3. following a meal 4. an opening through a structure Identify the correct term for the definitions below: A.Postprandial B.Hematemesis C.Hiatus D.Dysphagia

24. 5-24 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Lesson 5.3: Digestion — Stomach and Small Intestine

25. 5-25 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Stomach and Small Intestine Digestion: the Stomach - peristalsis - secretions

26. 5-26 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following suffixes: - um - in - ion - gen - us

27. 5-27 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Stomach and Small Intestine (cont.) Disorders of the Stomach - gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - vomiting - gastritis

28. 5-28 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Stomach and Small Intestine (cont.) Disorders of the Stomach - peptic ulcers - gastric ulcers - gastric cancer © CNRI/SPL/Photo Rsearchers Inc.

29. 5-29 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following abbreviations: - GERD - H 2 -blocker - NSAIDs page 104 - PPI

30. 5-30 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following terms: - antacid - anorexia - gastroscope page 109 - pancreas

31. 5-31 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Stomach and Small Intestine (cont.) Small Intestine - four layers Page 110 - three segments

32. 5-32 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Stomach and Small Intestine (cont.) Small Intestine - digestion in the small intestine 1. functions a. mix b. churn c. move

33. 5-33 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Change the following terms into the adjective form and define them: - jejunum - mucosa age 110 - peritoneum - serosa

34. 5-34 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Lesson 5.4: Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

35. 5-35 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Liver - location - functions

36. 5-36 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont.) Liver - portal vein - hepatic duct

37. 5-37 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Keynote “ Only the production of bile relates the liver to digestion.”

38. 5-38 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following root elements: - chol/e - emuls page 118 - gall - hepat

39. 5-39 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont.) Disorders of the Liver - hepatitis - cirrhosis © Dr. Joseph William/Phototake

40. 5-40 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Keynote “Vaccines are available to prevent hepatitis A and B.”

41. 5-41 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont.) Disorders of the Liver - cancer - benign tumors - hemochromatosis - Wilson disease

42. 5-42 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition bottom of p. 116 Give the term associated with the following definitions: - an enzyme in the blood that signals liver damage - a protein required for blood clotting - a mass of proliferating blood vessels - stopping the flow of bile

43. 5-43 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont.) Gallbladder and Biliary Tract - disorders of the gallbladder 1. gallstones © SIU Biomedical/Photo Researchers, Inc.

44. 5-44 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Gallbladder and Biliary Tract - disorders of the gallbladder 2. cholecystitis 3. jaundice (icterus) a. three types Obstructive, hemolytic, Hepatocellular p. 118

45. 5-45 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Keynote “Between meals, the gallbladder absorbs water and electrolytes from bile and concentrates it ten-to-twenty times.”

46. 5-46 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Keynote “Jaundice is caused by bilirubin in the tissues.”

47. 5-47 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont.) Procedures for the Biliary System - cholangiography - cholecystectomy 1. ERCP 2. ESWL page 118 green box

48. 5-48 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following terms: - choledocholithiasis - cholecystokinin - extracorporeal page 119 - hepatocellular

49. 5-49 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont.) Pancreas - location

50. 5-50 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont.) Pancreas - function 1. exocrine gland 2. endocrine gland 3. pancreatic juices Pancreatic secretions are regulated by both the nervous and endocrine systems.

51. 5-51 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont.) Pancreas - disorders of the pancreas 1. pancreatitis 2. pancreatic cancer 3. diabetes 4. cystic fibrosis

52. 5-52 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following prefixes: mono- di- tri- bottom of page 121 poly-

53. 5-53 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Lesson 5.5: Absorption and Malabsorption

54. 5-54 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Absorption and Malabsorption Chemical Digestion, Absorption, and Transport - ingested forms of carbohydrates

55. 5-55 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Absorption and Malabsorption (cont.) Chemical Digestion, Absorption, and Transport - proteins - lipids - water - minerals

56. 5-56 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following root elements: - amin - hydr page123 - carb - lact

57. 5-57 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Absorption and Malabsorption (cont.) Disorders of Absorption - malabsorption syndrome - malnutrition Page 124

58. 5-58 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Keynote “In malnutrition, the body breaks down its own tissues to meet its nutritional and metabolic needs.”

59. 5-59 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Absorption and Malabsorption (cont.) Disorders of Absorption - lactose intolerance - Crohn disease (regional enteritis)

60. 5-60 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Keynote “Milk sugar is lactose.”

61. 5-61 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Absorption and Malabsorption (cont.) Disorders of Absorption - constipation - gastroenteritis - dysentery

62. 5-62 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Keynote “Diarrhea is caused by irritation of the intestinal lining so that feces pass through the intestine too quickly for adequate amounts of water to be reabsorbed.”

63. 5-63 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Diagnostic Procedures for the Upper Digestive Tract Barium Swallow Barium Meal Enteroscopy Angiography ©Phototake Inc./Alamy

64. 5-64 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Give the correct term based on the given definition: - any disorder of the nervous system - hard, infrequent, bowel movements - insoluble protein found in wheat, barley, and oats - disaccharide found in cow’s milk Page 125

65. 5-65 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Lesson 5.6: Elimination and the Large Intestine

66. 5-66 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Elimination and the Large Intestine Structure and Function of the Large Intestine - structure of the large intestine

67. 5-67 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Elimination and the Large Intestine (cont.) Structure and Function of the Large Intestine - functions of the large intestine 1. absorption 2. secretion 3. digestion 4. peristalsis 5. elimination

68. 5-68 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition The following sets of terms share the same root; define their meaning: colon flatus colic flatulence colitis flatulence Page 126

69. 5-69 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Elimination and the Large Intestine (cont.) Disorders of the Large Intestine and Anal Canal - appendicitis - diverticulosis Image on p. 128 © Susan Leavine/Photo Researchers Inc.

70. 5-70 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Elimination and the Large Intestine (cont.) Disorders of the Large Intestine - ulcerative colitis - irritable bowel syndrome - polyps

71. 5-71 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Elimination and the Large Intestine (cont.) Disorders of the Large Intestine and Anal Canal - colon cancer - obstruction - intussusception - proctitis Cancer of the Colon (orange area)

72. 5-72 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Elimination and the Large Intestine (cont.) Disorders of the Anal Canal - anal fissures - anal fistulas

73. 5-73 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the meaning of the following suffixes: - um - rrhoid page 129 - ion - ative

74. 5-74 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Elimination and the Large Intestine (cont.) Gastrointestinal Bleeding - hematemesis - vomiting “coffee grounds” - hematochezia - melena - occult blood

75. 5-75 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Common Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Fecal Occult Blood Test Nasogastric Aspiration and Lavage Upper GI Barium X-ray Endoscopy Anoscopy

76. 5-76 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Common Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures (cont.) Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Gastroscopy Intestinal Resection Digital Rectal Exam

77. 5-77 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Word Analysis and Definition Define the following terms: - enema - ostomy - stoma - coagulate

78. 5-78 © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Chapter 5 Summary The Digestive System Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus Digestion — Stomach and Small Intestine Digestion — Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Absorption and Malabsorption Elimination and the Large Intestine