1. Industrial Revolution: Inventions and Innovations

2. Copy Down Vocabulary
Labor Union – group of workers that try to improve working conditions/wages
Proletariat – those who do manual labor and work for wages; working class
Bourgeoisie – educated middle class
Urbanization –growth of cities and migration of people into them
Strike - to refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands

3. Essential Question
What inventions came about during the Industrial Revolution and how did they change things?

4. Spinning Jenny Invention that made it quicker to produce yarn
Demand for cotton and slaves increase
Invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves.

6. Steam Engine
It is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.
Replaced human energy
Perfected by James Watt in the 1760s

7. Steamboat
Ships now use steam engines instead of relying on the wind or manpower
Transports goods and raw materials quicker and cheaper b/c it can hold more

8. Bessemer Process - Steel
Process that takes iron and produces steel which is stronger and more flexible
Get bridges, trains, and eventually skyscrapers
Developed in England in the 1850s. Involves blowing compressed air on molten iron (1250 °C) to get out carbon and impurities – creates steel

9. Brooklyn Bridge

11. Electric Light Bulb
Can light streets, homes, and most of all, factories
Factories can stay open longer – more production

12. Railroads/Locomotives
Shipment of goods/materials – people can receive fresh food/more food in cities
Transportation of people
Will boost other industries because trains need metals, timber, coal, etc…
Started off as large carts attached to a steam engine. One of the most important inventions in the Industrial Revolution for all countries

17. The Factory System Built close to and powered by water
Used unskilled labor
Bad working conditions/long hours
Goal: PROFIT

20. Overall Changes & Effects
Mass production of goods
Unskilled labor used
Urbanization – growth of cities
Movement of people