2.  A Noun Clause (NC) can be one of two things:  The object of a sentence ▪ I know what you want. ▪ I do not know who you are.  The subject of a sentence ▪ What you want is unreasonable. ▪ Who you are does not concern me.

3.  Noun Clause Markers  Who, whom, whose, what, why, when, where, which, and how.  Word order when Wh- word is the subject of the question is the same for the NC.  Who lives there?I don’t know who lives there.  Who is hungry?I know who is hungry.  Who is the subject of the question.

4.  When the subject comes after the verb in the question, it must be placed before the verb in the NC (as in all statements).  Who are those men?  I don’t know who those men are.

5.  However, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whoever, and whomever are also noun clause markers.  I’ll find you wherever you go.  Whatever you do is ok with me.  Whoever comes first will be the lucky one.  Whenever you come is convenient for me.

6. Tell me what you know using the question noun clause markers.  I know how to work on cars.  I know what the square root of sixteen is.  I know when my cat is angry.  I know where to park my car.

7.  Whether or If are used when yes/no questions are turned into noun clauses.  Will she come? ▪ I don’t know whether she will come. ▪ I don’t know if she will come. Whether is preferred over if in formal academic writing.

8.  When using “or not” with whether, “or not” can come right after the noun clause marker or at the end of the sentence.  I wonder whether or not she will come.  I wonder whether she will come or not.  “or not” can only come at the end of a NC when using if.  I wonder if she will come or not.

9.  Verb + That-Clause (NC as object)  I think that Bob will come.  I think Bob will come.  I know that you are hungry.  I know you are hungry. That is usually omitted in speech and included in formal academic writing.

10.  Person + Be + Adjective + That-Clause  It is common for that-clauses to follow adjectives to provide reasoning for the mentioned emotion.  Judy is disappointed (that) I didn’t visit her.  I’m pleased (that) you came to the party.

11.  It + Be + Adjective + That-Clause  This construction is common with adjectives that express opinion.  It’s amazing (that) you survived the crash.  It’s possible (that) the money was stolen.  It’s surprising (that) it hasn’t rained.

12.  That-clause as subject  Uncommon for that-clauses to take subject position.  The word that is not omitted when the that- clause is the subject.  That the students are confused is clear.  That Sam hates homework is obvious.

13.  A more common construction for that- clauses as subjects is to use  The fact that…  It is a fact that…