2.  Developmental psychology Developmental psychology  Nature versus nurture  Continuity and stages  Stability and change

4.  Conception

5.  Zygote Zygote  Embryo Embryo  Fetus Fetus

6.  Placenta  Teratogens Teratogens  Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

7.  Reflexes  Habituation Habituation

9.  Brain development  Maturation Maturation

10.  Motor development  Learning to walk

11.  Infantile amnesia

12.  Cognition Cognition  Jean Piaget  Schema Schema  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1iqdHgIAig https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1iqdHgIAig  Assimilation Assimilation  Accommodation Accommodation

13.  Sensorimotor Stage Sensorimotor Stage  Object permanence Object permanence ▪ “out of sight, out of mind”  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCdLNuP7OA8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCdLNuP7OA8

14.  Sensorimotor Stage Sensorimotor Stage  Object permanence Object permanence ▪ “out of sight, out of mind”

15.  Sensorimotor Stage Sensorimotor Stage  Object permanence Object permanence ▪ “out of sight, out of mind” ▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCdLNuP7OA8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCdLNuP7OA8

17.  Preoperational Stage Preoperational Stage  Conservation (lack this) Conservation

18.  Preoperational Stage Preoperational Stage  Conservation Conservation

19.  Preoperational Stage Preoperational Stage  Conservation Conservation  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnArvcWa H6I https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnArvcWa H6I

20. HOLOGRAPHIC SPEECH  1 year old  “Ball” TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH  2 years old  “Want Ball”/”Where Ball”

21.  Egocentrism Egocentrism “Don’t you remember, Grandma? You were in it with me.”

22.  Theory of Mind Theory of Mind  Lev Vygotsky

24.  Concrete Operational Stage Concrete Operational Stage  Understand  Conservation  Math transformations ▪ 8+4=12 ▪ 12-4=8

25.  Formal Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage  Abstract concepts (If this, then that)

26. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT PIAGET’S THEORY AND CURRENT THINKING

31.  Influential theory  Development is more continuous  Larger emphasis on social factors  Children respond better to positive instructions  Vygotsky  Zone of proximal development

32.  Autism Autism

33.  Stranger anxiety Stranger anxiety

34. Psychologists Harry Harlow and Margaret Harlow raised monkeys with two artificial mothers—one a bare wire cylinder with a wooden head and an attached feeding bottle, the other a cylinder with no bottle but covered with foam rubber and wrapped with terry cloth. The Harlows’ discovery surprised many psychologists: The infants much preferred contact with the comfortable cloth mother, even while feeding from the nourishing mother. Monkeys raised with artificial mothers were terror-stricken when placed in strange situations without their surrogate mothers.

35.  Attachment Attachment  Body contact ▪ Harry Harlow’s studies  Familiarity ▪ Critical period Critical period ▪ Imprinting Imprinting ▪ Sensitive period ▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O60TYAIgC4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_O60TYAIgC4 ▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FM7fT4JLJ7Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FM7fT4JLJ7Y ▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsA5Sec6dAI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsA5Sec6dAI

36.  Ainsworth’s “strange situation”  Secure attachment  Insecure attachment

37.  Temperament Temperament  Easy, difficult & slow to warm up babies  Erik Erikson’s Basic trustBasic trust  Attributed to early parenting

38.  Early deprivation of attachment  Disruption of attachment  Does day care affect attachment?

39.  Self-concept Self-concept  Self-esteem ▪ How they feel about who they are  Self-awareness ▪ Begins when recognize self in mirror

40.  Parenting styles (Baumrind)  Authoritarian  Permissive  Authoritative  Correlation versus causation

41.  Differences in child-rearing from culture to culture

42.  Gender  Biological and social characteristics by which people define male/female  45 out of 46 chromosomes are unisex  Gender and aggression  Males more physically aggressive  Gender and Social Power  Men more socially dominant, powerful in most societies  Gender and Social Connectedness  Females more interdependent – spend more time with others than alone

43.  Gender differences influenced by differing sex chromosomes and sex hormones  X chromosome – from mother  X or Y chromosome – from father  Females also have testosterone, just less

44.  Gender Roles  Shaped by cultural standards and generational influences  Expectations how men/women behave  In and out of the home  Does culture construct gender roles?

45.  Gender and Child Rearing  Gender Identity  Sense of being male or female  Social Learning Theory  Gender typing  Gender Schema

46. GENDER DEVELOPMENT THE NURTURE OF GENDER

48.  Experience and brain development

53.  How much credit (or blame) do parents deserve?

54.  Peer influence

56.  Adolescence Adolescence

57. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

58.  Piaget’s formal operations  Frontal lobe develops  Limbic system lags frontal lobe

59.  Lawrence Kohlberg  Preconventional morality  Conventional morality  Postconventional morality  Moral feeling  Moral action

70.  Forming an identity  Identity Identity  Social identity Social identity  Intimacy Intimacy  Parent and peer relationships

71.  Emerging adulthood Emerging adulthood

73.  Physical changes in middle adulthood  Menopause Menopause  Exercise and health more to do with physical ability than age  Midlife crisis  Not as common as popularly believed

74.  Physical changes in later life  Life expectancy  Sensory abilities  Health  Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease

75.  Recall versus recognition  Prospective memory

76.  Recall versus recognition  Prospective memory

77.  Cross-Sectional Evidence  Cross-sectional study Cross-sectional study  Longitudinal Evidence  Longitudinal study Longitudinal study  It all depends  Crystallized intelligence Crystallized intelligence  Fluid intelligence Fluid intelligence

78.  Well-being across the life span  Adulthood’s Commitments  Love/Marriage ▪ Divorce vs stable marriage  Work ▪ Happiness about work that fits interests ▪ Sense of competence and accomplishment ▪ Attitude about occupation can affect satisfactionS

79.  Well-being across the life span  Grow older  Look back with satisfaction or or regret  Happiness higher among young and older rather than middle-age

80. BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL INFLUENCES ON SUCCESSFUL AGING

84.  Death of a spouse most difficult to deal with  Facing death with dignity and opennes helps people complete life cycle with a sense of meaninfulness  Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’s theory of the stages of dying  Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance (DABDA)

86.  Nature versus nurture  Continuity and stages  Stability and change

87. CONTINUITY AND STAGES