2. Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 1 Introduction ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler

3. History Digital or Analog Analog Functions Circuits with Both DC and AC Trends INTRODUCTION

4. History 1899 Discovery of the electron 1901 Radio 1906 Vacuum tube 1943 First computer 1947 Transistor 1958 Integrated circuit 1971 Microprocessor

5. ANALOG

6. DIGITAL

7. ANALOG (non-linear)

8. A/D converter 01101110 11001000 11000010 01101110 00001110 00001001 01101110

9. D/A converter 01101110 11001000 11000010 01101110 00001110 00001001 01101110

10. Electronic circuit quiz The output of a typical digital circuit has _________ states or levels. two The output of a typical analog circuit has ________ states or levels. infinite Linear electronic circuits are in the category called ____________. analog An analog circuit with some distortion can be called ________. non-linear An analog signal can be changed to a numerical format by an ____________. A/D converter

11. ANALOG ELECTRONIC FUNCTIONS Adder Subtractor Attenuator Clipper Comparator Controller Converter Detector Divider Filter Mixer Multiplier Oscillator Rectifier Regulator Switch Amplifier

12. 10 V 0 V 10 V 10 V P-P 10 kHz 10 k  3.3 k  1  F Many circuits are a mix of ac and dc.

13. +5 V 0 V -5 V 10 V 10 V P-P 10 kHz 10 k  3.3 k  1  F

14. 0 V 10 V 10 V P-P 10 kHz 10 k  3.3 k  1  F Note the loss in ac amplitude due to the drop across the 3.3 k  resistor.

15. +5 V 0 V 10 V 10 V P-P 10 kHz 10 k  3.3 k  1  F Note the combined dc and ac.

16. 0 V 10 V 10 V P-P 10 kHz 10 k  3.3 k  1  F Note that the dc signal is blocked by the capacitor.

17. +5 V 0 V 10 V 10 V P-P 10 kHz 10 k  3.3 k  1  F Bypass capacitor Bypass capacitors are used to eliminate the ac component.

18. Capacitor/resistor quiz A node in an electronic circuit can have both dc and ac _________. components Capacitors support the flow of ac but block ________. dc Resistors provide equal opposition to both ____________. dc and ac When a capacitor is used to eliminate ac at a node it is called a ________. bypass A blocking capacitor is used to eliminate ________ at a circuit node. dc

19. Solder Insertion technology Device leads pass through holes in the circuit board.

20. Solder Surface mount technology Devices placed by automatic equipment Circuit boards cost less (fewer holes) Higher connection density Smaller and less expensive products Difficult to repair

21. REVIEW History Digital or Analog Analog Functions Circuits with Both DC and AC Trends