1. Cell structure & epithelial cell Cell structure & epithelial cell Practical - 1

2. Body tissues 1-Epithelial Tissue 2-Connective Tissue 3-Muscular Tissue 4-Nervous Tissue SimpleStratified squamous cuboidal columnar squamous columnar cuboidal Non-keratinized keratinized TRANSITIONAL EPITHLIUM PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM Ciliated Non-Ciliated

3. Types of Body Tissues 1.Epithelial Tissue. 3. Muscular Tissue. 2.Connective Tissue. 4. Nervous Tissue. Type of epithelial membranes: ( according to number of cell layer ) Simple- Formed of one layer of cells. Stratified- Formed of more than one layer of cells.

4. 1) Simple: formed of one layer of cells. Simple epithelium can be subdivided according to the shape and function of its cells.

5. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM Single layer of thin and flat cells with centrally located flattened nuclei. Ex. Pulmonary alveoli(lung), blood vessels. blood vessels (L.S)blood vessels (T.S)

6. SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHLIUM: Formed of one layer of roughly square or cuboidal in shape cells with central round nuclei. Ex. Ducts of many glands and some kidney tubules.

7. SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM: Single layer of elongated and column-shaped cells with ovoid nuclei located in basal half of cells. Ex. lining of digestive tract and gall bladder. May have cilia as in uterus.

8. SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

9. 2-Stratified: formed of several layer of cells.

10. Stratified squamous epithelium ( Non-keratinized) : Formed of several layers of cells. The basal layer rest on basal lamina, is cuboidal cells, The intermediate layers are polyhedral or polygonal in shape. The superficial layer is formed of flat squamous cells. Ex. Lining of inner lip, esophagus. basal intermediate superficial

11. Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium Similar to non keratinized type but the superficial layer is covered with keratin. Ex. epidermis of skin specially in soles and palms. keratin

12. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: composed of two layers only of cuboidal cells. ex. Ducts of sweat glands. Stratified columnar epithelium: formed of more than one layer of cells with superficial columnar cells. ex. Conjunctiva of the eye.

13. TRANSITIONAL EPITHLIUM: formed of many layers of cells. The basal layer is formed of low columnar or cuboidal cells. The superficial layer is formed of large dome shaped cells. dome shaped

14.  In full bladder the dome shaped cells become flattened, and the epithelium become thinner. Empty bladder full bladder

15. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR CILIATED EPITHELIUM: simple type of epithelium appears to be stratified but it is composed of single layer of cells resting on the basement membrane. The nuclei are located at different levels. has ciliated tall cells that reach the free border. Ex. Trachea, bronchi and nasal cavity. Cilia: are hair like structures present on a cell’s surface, beat in waves.