1. Freshwater species Marine species Selection of species PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE (AKU3201)

2. Classification Freshwater fishes Selection of species Marine fishes Selection of site Culture methods Lectures 1

3. Clarias batrachus C. batrachus Clarias sp. Scientific name 2

4. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class : Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Cichlidae Genus: Oreochromis Species: O. niloticus 3

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6. Leptobarbus hoevenii (Jelawat) Sultan Fish 5

7. Tor tambroides (Kelah) Malayan Mahseer 6

8. Clarias batrachus (Keli bunga) Walking catfish 7

9. TILAPIA 8

10. Good growth High fertility Omnivorous – eat all Cultivation at high density Strong fish, resistant to handling Good reputation to consumers Tilapia: aquatic chicken 9

11. Precocious – Mature early Multiple breeding Overpopulation & small fishes (stunting)-low economic value Major constraint 10

12. Monosex tilapia- ALL MALE Male size > Female Use hormone to reverse the sex Certain breeding techniques Solutions 11

13. Native to Africa & Middle East Classified into 3 genera: 1)Tilapia 2) Saratherodon 3) Oreochromis- best species of aquaculture According to breeding behaviour Tilapia 12

14. Mozambique Tilapia 13 High potential for hybridization to have male tilapia

15. Nile Tilapia 14

16. Cross between genetic mutant of Mozambique & Nile Tilapia Red tilapia 15

17. Genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) Tilapia selective breeding Choosing and breeding parents with favorable traits Offspring wide body conformation Higher productivity, fast growth GIFT Tilapia 16

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19. Pangasius hypophtalmus (Patin buah) Striped catfish 18

20. Mystus nemurus, Hemibagrus nemurus (Baung) River Catfish (Native) 19

21. Channa striata (Haruan) Snakehead 20

22. Oxyleotris marmoratus (Ketutu, Ikan bodoh, ikan ubi) Popular among chinese community, healing properties, fine texture, tasty white flesh Marble goby 21

23. Cyprinus carpio (Lee Koh) Common carp 22

24. Non-native (or alien)to the ecosystem Invasive species 23

25. Hypothalmichthys molitrix (Kap perak) Silver carp 24

26. Hypophtalmichtys nobilis (Kap Kepala Besar) Bighead carp 25

27. Ctenopharyngodon idella (Kap rumput) Grass carp 26

28. Javanese carp 27 Puntius gonionotus (Lampam Jawa)

29. Anabas testudineus (Puyu) Labyrinth organ : accessory breathing organ – used for respiration in air Allow to take oxygen directly from the air Climbing perch 28

30. Giant Gourami 29 Osphronemus goramy (Kalui)

31. Fast growth (Early maturation, high fecundity) Short food chain Efficient conversion of food Can accept compounded feed Disease resistance Ease of breeding in captivity Able to tolerate wide range of environmental parameter Selection of Species 30

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34. Diadromous = Migrate between sea & freshwater 1) Anadromous = lives in the sea & migrate to fresh water to breed e.g., salmon 2) Catadromous = lives in freshwater & migrate to the sea e.g., eel Migration of fishes 33

35. Fish return to the exact spot where they were born to spawn Die within few days or weeks after spawning Salmon 34