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What’s Next? Plasmonic Imaging: "A New Lens into the Nano-World”
The Mantra: Plasmon wave imaging: Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths! Josh Conway Thomas Szkopek Eli Yablonovitch Xiang Zhang
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e <0 E >0 air k metal - +++ Surface plasmons light double-sided
1 <0 E 2 >0 k x z Surface plasmons light plasmon wave image plane double-sided surface plasmons
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Plasmon Wavelength in nm h
200 50 30 20 15 10 100 40 2.8eV 2.5 t=5nm t=20nm t=2nm t=1nm 2.0 Plasmon Energy in eV t=thickness of metal film 1.5 1.0 Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths! 0.5 k 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Plasmon Wave-Vector (2/wavelength in nm)
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Thin-film plasmon imaging optics
double convex lens (high index) double concave lens (low index)
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sapphire plasmon wave + - grating coupler light h =2.5eV plasmon wave silicon photoresist
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n9 n8 n7 n6 n2 n5 n4 n3 n1 n0 light light n9> n8> >n1>n0 Final Objective Lens Rayleigh Limit is /n9
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sapphire plasmon wave + - grating coupler light h =2.5eV plasmon wave silicon photoresist
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Plasmon imaging in a silver film
far-field from conventional lens in-coupling grating dimple lens out-coupling edge
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Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths!
light metal film supports plasmon waves photoresist object image conventional refractive lens plasmon wave plasmon lens curved grating coupler plane Plasmon wave imaging: Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths!
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Plasmon wave imaging: Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths! object grating coupler slider light conventional refractive lens grating coupler plasmon wave mirror photoresist silicon image
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Plasmon Wavelength in nm h
200 50 30 20 15 10 100 40 2.8eV 2.5 t=5nm t=20nm t=2nm t=1nm 2.0 Plasmon Energy in eV t=thickness of metal film 1.5 1.0 Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths! 0.5 k 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Plasmon Wave-Vector (2/wavelength in nm)
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Silver Film on Sapphire p
1.5 eV 400 300 2.0 eV Plasmon Wavelength in nm 200 2.5 eV 80 60 100 40 20 1 2 3 4 5 t 20 40 60 80 Silver Film Thickness in nm
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kIm Q ~ 20 kReal Imaginary versus Real part of wave vector:
Plasmon wavelength in nm 200 50 20 15 10 5 p 0.05 1.5 eV 0.04 2.5 eV 2.0 eV 0.03 Imaginary Wave-number in rad/nm 0.02 Q ~ 20 0.01 kReal 0. 5 1.0 Real Wave-number rad/nm
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dc Magnetic Dipole Disk Drive ac Electric Dipole Disk Drive
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Plasmon wave imaging: Optical frequencies, but with X-ray wavelengths! object grating coupler slider light conventional refractive lens grating coupler plasmon wave mirror photoresist silicon image
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+ + + - - - ++ - - +++ L C
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λ Thin capacitors can sustain very large electric fields 108Volts/cm
+++ ++ ++++ - - - - - anti-bodies anti-gens DNA fragments RNA toxins 1 photon in a 1nm1nm1nm capacitor produces an electric field= 108 Volts/cm electric field= 1Volt/Angstrom This is enough for a giant optical nonlinearity! Thin capacitors can sustain very large electric fields 108Volts/cm 1Volt/Angstrom
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k λ capacitive bio- sensor out-coupler anti-bodies anti-gens
three terminal optical device di-electric wave-guide plasmonic k wire grating in-coupler out-coupler anti-bodies anti-gens DNA fragments RNA toxins capacitive bio- sensor nonlinear medium λ
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Plasmon Wave-Vector (2/wavelength in nm) k Plasmon Wavelength in nm
1 2 3 4 -1 -0 Plasmon Energy in eV h 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Plasmon Wave-Vector (2/wavelength in nm) -0.5 -0.6 k Plasmon Wavelength in nm 100 50 20 10 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 Al2O3 Air thin Al2O3
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Plasmon Wave-Vector (2/wavelength in nm) k Plasmon Wavelength in nm
Plasmon Energy in eV 1 2 3 4 h 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Plasmon Wave-Vector (2/wavelength in nm) -0.5 -0.6 k d=1nm d=2nm d=5nm d=10nm d=20nm Plasmon Wavelength in nm 100 50 20 10 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 Al2O3 silver air d
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