1. Geomorphology of Kentucky – Potential Impact on Land-use and Watersheds William M Andrews Jr., Ph.D., P.G. Head, Geologic Mapping Section Kentucky Geological Survey CPE Summer PD 2015 University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky Monday, July 6, 2015

5. Landform Regions

6. Soils

7. Land-Use Patterns

9. Geology

10. Geology & Geomorphology Chemistry Biology & Paleontology Physics

11. Economics Culture & Sociology History Politics Engineering & Construction Transportation Ecology Agriculture Land Use Hazards Soils Geotechnical Landforms Resources Geology & Geomorphology Hydrology

14. BLUEGRASS REGION Calcareous shales, Outer Bluegrass (Ordovician) Interbedded Limestones-Shales (Ordovician) Phosphatic Limestones, Inner Bluegrass (Ordovician) Alluvial Colluvial Glacial till, northern KY (Quaternary)

15. Inner Bluegrass Outer Bluegrass

16. Dominantly Limestone Limestone and Shale

17. Phosphate-rich Limestone

18. Fayette County stone fences

19. Franklin County distillery

20. Fayette County horse farm

21. Modern horse farms only in limited area Historical records suggest wider distribution in past Certain areas better suited for horses, geologically. Geology of Horse Farms

22. KNOBS REGION Calcareous gray shales (Silurian) Acid black and gray shales (Devonian) Dolomitic sandstones (Mississippian) Lacustrine sediments (Quaternary) Alluvial Colluvial

23. Berea “Skyline”

24. Knobs

25. Sandstone Platform Shale and Siltstone Slopes Limestone Caprock

26. Limestone Caprock

27. Black shale

28. Diagram of Muldraugh Hill and Development of the Knobs area. Muldraugh Hill is a cuesta, or escarpment, capped with Middle Mississippian limestones and sandstones. The Knobs are erosion remnants carved by stream erosion. Initially they may be flat-topped, but as the resistant cap is removed and softer shales and siltstones are exposed to weathering processes they take the shape of cones.

29. MOUNTAIN & EASTERN COALFIELDS REGION Sandstones (Pennsylvanian) Shales (Pennsylvanian) Siltstones (Pennsylvanian) Alluvial Colluvial

31. Harlan County coal mine

32. Appalachian Plateau coal fields

34. William Andrews Kentucky Geological Survey wandrews@uky.edu