1. South Africa and Apartheid Section 1 – Roots of Apartheid Colonization and Power Struggles in Early South Africa

3. Dutch Landing in 1652 1652- Dutch establish a colony on the Cape of Good Hope –Intended for a stopover station and storehouse, South Africa was later colonized by Dutch farmers. –These farmers were known as Boers, later called Afrikaners. –Very Christian and conservationalist (wished to preserve their “whiteness” and culture)

4. The Great Trek, 1836-38 Afrikaners Dutch became unsatisfied with British rule in Cape Colony Thinking that moving towards the interior of the country would grant them independence, all they found was deserted unlivable pastures Would often find conflict with the rising and powerful Zulu warriors

5. Shaka Zulu (1785 – 1828) Zulu Nation Difaqune: “The Crushing” in Zulu Known as a time of strength within the Zulu tribe Zulu rose to power due to their militant leader Shaka Zulu Lost their conflicts due to the fact that they could not compete with British and Boer guns and weapons

6. Diamond Mines Raw Diamonds

7. British Colonization  1820 - British receive formal control –Dutch paid 6 million Lira –British missionaries and settlers migrated to South Africa 1822 - English declared official language 1833 - Slavery of Native Africans was abolished (this caused tension with the Boer since they believed that slavery was God’s way to “separate the races”)

8. British Labor Expansion The British wished to create sugar plantations and other forms of commerce in South Africa Due to the recent conflict with the Zulu, them and other South Africans refuse to provide labor. Therefore, the British turned to their other colony, India, for servants. Over 160,000 Indians arrived in South Africa, outnumbering the population of whites.

9. The Boer War: 1899 - 1900 The Boers The British

10. Paul Kruger (1825-1904) State president of the South African Republic (Dutch) Known as the face of the Dutch resistance against the British during the Boer Wars

11. The Struggle for South Africa

12. Section 1: The Roots of Apartheid Sheet A: A Struggle for South Afri ca Complete Sheet A for Friday You may work in pairs –Essential Questions –Objective Activity –“Cheat Sheet”

14. African Trade [15c-17c]

15. Pre-19c European Trade with Africa

16. Industrial Revolution Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases European Motives For Colonization Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Popul. Soc. & Eco. Opportunities Humanitarian Reasons European Racism “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism

17. Social Darwinism: Roots of Racism Term used to describe the idea certain physical qualities of a race are more desirable, therefore superior to another. No scientific or biological basis or support for it. Completely false and fabricated Unfortunately, during colonial times it was used as a poor excuse for the enslavement of other races Hitler used it as well to classify physical characteristics of the Jewish people as “inferior”

18. The “White Man’s Burden” Rudyard Kipling A poem that was originally written by Rudyard Kipling “White Man’s Burden” is the idea that colonization is not only acceptable, but a noble cause because it was the white man’s responsibility to rule over and bring “civilization” to other cultures and races. This racist ideology unfortunately was used as an excuse to oppress South Africans and take advantage of their natural resources

19. Section 1 Roots of Apartheid Sheet B: Roots of Racism Complete Sheet B for Friday You may work in pairs –Essential Questions –Objective Activity –“Cheat Sheet”