1. Mobile Broadband Evolving to OFDM + MIMO
2007
2010
Cellular 3GPP 1G
Analog 2G
TDMA 3G
WCDMA
LTE
Broadband Wireless - WiMAX
802.16d
802.16e
802.16m
Wireless LAN - Wi-Fi
802.11a/b/g
802.11n
The 3G community is also moving to OFDM/MIMO.
The transition to LTE for the 3G community requires a forklift upgrade of the Radio Access Network (new base stations and client devices.)
We will contrast WiMAX and LTE at the end of this course.
LTE = Long Term Evolution (evolution of UMTS WCDMA)
OFDM = Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OFDMA + MIMO New Spectrum
All-IP Core Network

2. IEEE timelines
Call for stage 2 details issued in Jul ’08
First Call for Proposals for m Stage 3 issued in Sept’08
Sep ’07*
Jan’08*
Nov 08*
Initial P.
Working Doc
Mar ’09
Letter Ballot
Sponsor Ballot
Sep ’09
Nov ’08
Nov ’07
Jan ’09
IEEE m
802.16m
Amendment
IMT
Advanced
Proposal
System
Description
Requirements
Evaluation
Methodology
ITU-R IMT Advanced
IMT.TECH
IMT.EVAL
IMT. RADIO
Jun ’08
Oct ’08
Proposal Submission
Jan’09
First Call for Proposals for SDD issued in Sept ‘07
Circular
Letter
Proposal Evaluation & Consensus Building
Develop Recommendation Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
2007
2008
2009
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
2010
Oct ’09
Jun ’10
Final Proposal
Sept ’09*
*System Requirements and Evaluation Methodology, System Description, IMT-Advanced Proposal Documents may be further updated based on ITU output (shown by dotted lines). Ŧ m amendment is dependent on the Rev2 Project completion
ITU based Updates
Refinements
IEEE
ITU-R WP5D
Mar ’10
IEEE m standardization complete 2 2

3. WiMAX or LTE = Same Level of Upgrade
2G, 3G Network (GSM, EV-DO, HSPA)
2G, 3G Core Network
SGSN
MGW
GGSN
Upgrade core network to support more IP data traffic
New data overlay network
4G Network:
(WiMAX or LTE)
SAE GW
All IP Core
HSS
PCRF
MME/UPE
OCS
Radio Access Network (RAN):
> 90-95% of new CapEx*
Core Network Equipment
< 10% of new CapEx*
SAE – System Architecture Evolution – new all IP core network as defined by 3GPP.
Base station equipment is about 20% of the total RAN cost (Intel estimate). Other costs include professional services required for deployment, site locating & permits, backhaul setup, mounting antennas. RANs are often on top of rooftops and tower sites from which the operator leases space. RANs are comprised of BS, antennas, air conditioners, insulation, antenna towers, wiring/feeds. Shipping & installation of the BS can cost almost as much as the BS. If an operator has an existing 2G or 3G cellular network, it can re-use its existing tower sites for locating the new RAN equipment.
See WiMAX Forum whitepaper, “Mobile WiMAX for Existing 2G, 3G Operators” available at
Core networks are located in the operator’s “switch centers” or “aggregation sites.” For 2G/3G, a state like California might 2-3 switch centers. In 2G/3G, all communications had to go through the central SGSN or GGSN located at the switch center. Operators own the real estate for the switch centers – so it’s far less complex for them to upgrade / operate than maintaining all the BS nodes.
RAN = Radio Access Network
GGSN = Gateway GPRS Support Node (equivalent to Home Agent in Mobile IP; enables mobility in GPRS/UMTS networks)
SGSN = Serving GPRS Support Node (stores location info of GPRS users; packet routing & transfer; authentication & charging functions)
Both WiMAX & LTE require new RAN equipment & devices.
Neither is “backward compatible” to 3G.
Both can interwork well with existing 2G, 3G networks.
* Intel estimates. Percentage varies based upon the operator’s existing network.

4. 3G Embedded Module Pricing – Impact of WiMAX
ABI research shows how internal modem pricing was dramatically affected by WiMAX’s entry in the market. Our WiMAX/Wi-Fi modules initially came out at less than ½ the cost of the latest 3G modules. Ericsson responded by providing, for the first time, an embedded HSPA minicard module at very aggressive prices compared to historical. Qualcomm also responded with Gobi – an EV-DO / HSPA combo module (with full 2G legacy support and 4-band radio support). Gobi modules from ODMs were significantly more expensive than Ericsson’s HSPA-only module, but we understand that Qualcomm has responded in kind. Nonetheless, these 3G modules are still significantly more expensive than integrated Wi-Fi / WiMAX
This highlights the facts that 1) despite 3G global volumes, devices have NOT benefitted from lower prices; 2) industry competition for 3G devices is HIGHLY inefficient; and 3) the only players that appear to have the ability to bring down costs are the ones with the dominant IPR portfolios (since they don’t have to pay royalties to themselves
Q4’07 April 2008
HSDPA $145 $85
HSDPA/UPA $176 $108
EV-DO Rev A $139 $89
EV-DO Rev B $150 N/A (not happening)
3G Multi-protocol GSM/CDMA N/A $115 (Qualcomm Gobi chipset)
Weighted average of all 2.5 / 3G internal modems (including EDGE, EV-DO, etc.) is as indicated in the chart.
ABI Report: Expanding Cellular Broadband Connectivity to the Laptop, December 3, 2007
ABI Report: Cellular Modems and Mobile Broadband Connectivity, Q2 2008
ABI Research: Expanding Cellular Broadband Connectivity to the Laptop, December 3, 2007
ABI Report: Cellular Modems and Mobile Broadband Connectivity, Q2 2008

5. Data Rate & Latency Comparisons of WiMAX and 3G Evolution
Technology
Peak Data Rate
RAN Access Latency
Idle to Active transition time
Downlink
Uplink
WiMAX Release 1.0
TDD (2:1 Ratio) 10 MHz
40 Mbps
10 Mbps*
40 ms
100 ms
HSPA (today)
14 Mbps
2 Mbps ms
600 ms
HSUPA
5.8 Mbps ms
HSPA Evolved (Rel 7)
MIMO 2x2
28 Mbps
11.6 Mbps
HSPA Evolved
MIMO+64QAM downlink
42 Mbps
LTE (Rel 8) 2x5MHz
43.2 Mbps
21.6 Mbps
30 ms
Future
Today

6. WiMAX Direct Impact on 3G PC Modem Pricing
Wireless Notebook Modem ASP Trajectory
$150
Since Intel
came out with Echo Peak
2.5-3G Cellular $111 ASP*
3 Chip .11N+.16E
WiFi .11ABG
Single Chip
.11N+.16E**
ABI research shows how internal modem pricing was dramatically affected by WiMAX’s entry in the market. Ericsson responded by provided, for the first time, an embedded HSPA minicard module at very aggressive prices compared to historical. Qualcomm also responded with Gobi – an EV-DO / HSPA combo module (with full 2G legacy support and 4-band radio support). Gobi modules from ODMs were significantly more expensive than Ericsson’s HSPA-only module, but we understand that Qualcomm has responded in kind. Nonetheless, these 3G modules are still significantly more expensive than integrated Wi-Fi / WiMAX.
Q4’07 April 2008
HSDPA $145 $85
HSDPA/UPA $176 $108
EV-DO Rev A $139 $89
EV-DO Rev B $150 N/A (not happening)
3G Multi-protocol GSM/CDMA N/A $115 (Qualcomm Gobi chipset)
Weighted average of all 2.5 / 3G internal modems (including EDGE, EV-DO, etc.) is as indicated in the chart.
ABI Report: Expanding Cellular Broadband Connectivity to the Laptop, December 3, 2007
ABI Report: Cellular Modems and Mobile Broadband Connectivity, Q2 2008
WiFi .11N $0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
*ABI Research, Q3’07 preliminary
** Intel Estimates

7. Mobile WiMAX™ 2.0 (802.16m) 300+ Mbps (2010/2011)
Peak sector throughput over 300 Mbps DL* (in 20 MHz)
TDD & FDD support
Multi-carrier support; BW of up to 100 MHz
Increased VoIP capacity
Even lower link access latencies
Enhanced coverage
Enhanced multi-radio coexistence and inter-technology handover
Integrated multi-hop relay
Self-organizing base stations
Increased mobility: Up to 350 km/hr*
* Note: Actual mobility & throughput depends on environmental conditions and Service Provider provisioning. Aggregate peak sector throughput calculated using 20 MHz for DL. FDD support in 2010 7 7

8. IEEE 802.16m Backward Compatibility
802.16e/802.16m Mixed
Operate on the same RF carrier with same/different BW (a)
Support a mix of 16e & 16m MS on same RF carrier (c and e)
.16e MS same performance as16e BS (b=c)
.16m BS support handover of .16e MS to/from.16e BS (b   c)
.16m MS operate with .16e BS with same performance as .16e MS (b=d)
.16m able to disable legacy support for e
WiMAX Release 2.0 (16m) will be tightly
backward compatible to release 1.0 (16e) 8 8