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Introduction to the Reproductive System

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Presentation on theme: "Introduction to the Reproductive System"— Presentation transcript:

1 Introduction to the Reproductive System

2 Female Reproductive System

3 1. Ovaries Main sex organ in females Size and shape of an almond
Life time supply of eggs-350,000 in each ovary. Only use 400 to 500 in a lifetime. Oogenesis: process of making Eggs in the ovaries. At puberty one egg every month finishes maturing and is released from the ovary -

4 Ovaries (continued) B. Produces Hormones:
A. Estrogen- development of sex characteristics: -enlarges reproductive organs -breast development -increased fat deposits Widening of pelvis Onset of menstrual cycle Vascularization of skin

5 Ovaries (continued) B. Progesterone (pregnancy hormone)
-vascularization of uterus -maintains the pregnancy -prepares breast for milk production

6 2. Fimbrae -Funnels egg into fallopian tube -Doesn’t touch the ovary

7 3. Fallopian Tube -Leads the egg to the uterus (takes 5 days)
-Egg and Sperm meet here!!!

8 4. Uterus a.-Triple lining -Endometrium: blood layer
-Myometrium: muscle layer -epimetrium: skin layer b. Receives, retains and nourishes fertilized egg c. Size and shape of pear, can increase greatly

9 5. Cervix Opening between uterus and vagina
Common site of cancer: Get yearly Pap smears

10 6. Vagina -Birth canal (8-10 cm long)
-Behind the urethra and in front of rectum -Receives erect penis, sperm released Covered by a hymen that may be thick or thin.

11 7. External Parts A. Vulva surrounds the opening of the urethra
and vagina Labia majora and minora -folds of skin that protect the external organs B. Clitoris: corresponds to the penis erectile tissue, engorges with blood, glands for lubrication

12 8. Breast -secretion of milk Size does NOT affect function

13 MENSTRAL CYCLE 1. Days 1-5 (can be up to 7 days) Menses (period)
Endometrium (blood layer) is released causing bleeding Blood passes through vagina Lose 50 to 150 mL of blood (1/4 to ½ cup)

14 2. Days 6-14 Hormones in the brain signal the release of FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) that causes an egg in the ovary to mature. Estrogen (made in the ovary): Rebuilds endometrium Increases in amount until

15 3. Day 14 OVULATION Estrogen causes the pituitary to release the hormone Leutenizing Hormone (LH). This causes the rupture of the follicle in the ovary and an egg is released.

16 Days The progesterone (made in the ovary) is released to help keep the woman pregnant if the egg gets fertilized. A. If NO fertilization- Hormone levels go down Cycle returns to Day 1

17 B. If egg IS fertilized- The embryo secretes a hormone( progesterone) to keep the corpus luteum maintained.

18 Bottom Line for pregnancy
The egg lives 24 hours Sperm live 48 to 72 hours Sperm need 1-2 hours to get to the egg To get pregnant- you must have intercourse no more than 72 hours (3 days) before the egg is released and no later than 24 hours after the egg is released (ovulation)

19 Days 11-15 are the days when a woman can get pregnant.
Many women do not have a 28 day cycle so this is NOT a good method of birth control. The onLy 100% method of birth control is ABSTINENCE!!

20 Male Reproductive System
Produces, stores and releases sperm

21 1. Testes -Main sex organ in men, outside of body in scrotum
-Makes sperm -Scrotum keeps temperature 3 degrees lower than body temp -Low temp needed to produce viable sperm

22 1. Testes (cont) -Releases Testosterone, which controls these Male Sex Characteristics -deepening of voice -increase in hair all over body -enlargement of skeletal muscles -thickening of bones

23 1. Testes (cont) Anatomy of the testicle Each section is divided into
Seminiferous Tubules (700 ft) Sperm are made in the tubules Spermatogenesis: making of sperm–takes days -Tubules connect to the epididymus

24 2. Epididymus (20 feet) Found just outside the testes
In the epididymus sperm mature -cytoplasm trimmed off -tail grows acrosome forms on head of sperm (lysosome) Maturing takes 20 more days (84 to 92 days)

25 3. Semen formed from three glands
A. Seminal Vessicle Attached to Vas Deferens -fluid that regulates pH, is energy rich (sugar), and stimulates muscle contraction in the female. (Why?) B. Prostate Gland -fluid that neutralizes acidic environment of vagina

26 3. Semen formed from three glands (cont)
C. Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper’s) Lubricates the penis Cleanses urine left over First to pass through

27 When male is stimulated sexually:
1. Epididymus contracts and releases sperm into… 2. Vas Deferens 45 cm long tube that brings sperm to urethra for ejaculation. As the sperm travels through semen is added

28 When male is stimulated sexually:
3. Urethra Tube running through penis sperm released from this tube only urine or sperm can pass through at one time- NOT at the same time 4. Ejaculation 2-6 ml of semen 120 million sperm per ml Lives hours

29 Problems with sperm production:
Environmental Antibiotics- decreases amount of sperm Radiation- deforms sperm Lead Pesticides Excessive alcohol Drugs Tobacco

30 What will you be doing??? Research your assigned topic on embryology
Design a PowerPoint Presentation containing at least 10, but no more than 15 slides Your first slide should be a title slide including the stage of development you are covering and the group members. Check the rubric for more details!!!

31

32 Click here to see a sample PowerPoint


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