1. Introduction to the Reproductive System

2. Female Reproductive System

3. 1. Ovaries Main sex organ in females Size and shape of an almond
Life time supply of eggs-350,000 in each ovary.
Only use 400 to 500 in a lifetime.
Oogenesis: process of making Eggs in the ovaries.
At puberty one egg every month finishes maturing and is released from the ovary -

4. Ovaries (continued) B. Produces Hormones:
A. Estrogen- development of sex characteristics:
-enlarges reproductive organs
-breast development
-increased fat deposits
Widening of pelvis
Onset of menstrual cycle
Vascularization of skin

5. Ovaries (continued) B. Progesterone (pregnancy hormone)
-vascularization of uterus
-maintains the pregnancy
-prepares breast for milk production

6. 2. Fimbrae
-Funnels egg into fallopian tube
-Doesn’t touch the ovary

7. 3. Fallopian Tube -Leads the egg to the uterus (takes 5 days)
-Egg and Sperm meet here!!!

8. 4. Uterus a.-Triple lining -Endometrium: blood layer
-Myometrium: muscle layer
-epimetrium: skin layer
b. Receives, retains and
nourishes fertilized egg
c. Size and shape of pear, can increase greatly

9. 5. Cervix Opening between uterus and vagina
Common site of cancer: Get yearly Pap smears

10. 6. Vagina -Birth canal (8-10 cm long)
-Behind the urethra and in front of rectum
-Receives erect penis, sperm released
Covered by a hymen that may be thick or thin.

11. 7. External Parts A. Vulva surrounds the opening of the urethra
and vagina
Labia majora and minora
-folds of skin that protect the
external organs
B. Clitoris: corresponds to the penis
erectile tissue, engorges with blood, glands
for lubrication

12. 8. Breast
-secretion of milk
Size does NOT affect
function

13. MENSTRAL CYCLE 1. Days 1-5 (can be up to 7 days) Menses (period)
Endometrium (blood layer) is released causing bleeding
Blood passes through vagina
Lose 50 to 150 mL of blood (1/4 to ½ cup)

14. 2. Days 6-14
Hormones in the brain signal the release of FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) that causes an egg in the ovary to mature.
Estrogen (made in the ovary):
Rebuilds endometrium
Increases in amount until

15. 3. Day 14
OVULATION
Estrogen causes the pituitary to release the hormone Leutenizing Hormone (LH).
This causes the rupture of the follicle in the ovary and an egg is released.

16. Days
The progesterone (made in the ovary) is released to help keep the woman pregnant if the egg gets fertilized.
A. If NO fertilization-
Hormone levels go down
Cycle returns to Day 1

17. B. If egg IS fertilized-
The embryo secretes a hormone( progesterone) to keep the corpus luteum maintained.

18. Bottom Line for pregnancy
The egg lives 24 hours
Sperm live 48 to 72 hours
Sperm need 1-2 hours to get to the egg
To get pregnant- you must have intercourse no more than 72 hours (3 days) before the egg is released and no later than 24 hours after the egg is released (ovulation)

19. Days 11-15 are the days when a woman can get pregnant.
Many women do not have a 28 day cycle so this is NOT a good method of birth control. The onLy 100% method of birth control is ABSTINENCE!!

20. Male Reproductive System
Produces, stores and releases sperm

21. 1. Testes -Main sex organ in men, outside of body in scrotum
-Makes sperm
-Scrotum keeps temperature
3 degrees lower than body temp
-Low temp needed to produce
viable sperm

22. 1. Testes (cont)
-Releases Testosterone, which controls these Male Sex Characteristics
-deepening of voice
-increase in hair all over body
-enlargement of skeletal muscles
-thickening of bones

23. 1. Testes (cont) Anatomy of the testicle Each section is divided into
Seminiferous Tubules (700 ft)
Sperm are made in the tubules
Spermatogenesis: making of sperm–takes days
-Tubules connect to the epididymus

24. 2. Epididymus (20 feet) Found just outside the testes
In the epididymus sperm mature
-cytoplasm trimmed off
-tail grows
acrosome forms on
head of sperm
(lysosome)
Maturing takes 20 more
days (84 to 92 days)

25. 3. Semen formed from three glands
A. Seminal Vessicle
Attached to Vas Deferens
-fluid that regulates pH, is energy rich (sugar), and stimulates muscle contraction in the female. (Why?)
B. Prostate Gland
-fluid that neutralizes acidic environment of vagina

26. 3. Semen formed from three glands (cont)
C. Bulbourethral Gland (Cowper’s)
Lubricates the penis
Cleanses urine left over
First to pass through

27. When male is stimulated sexually:
1. Epididymus contracts and releases sperm into…
2. Vas Deferens
45 cm long tube that brings sperm to urethra for ejaculation.
As the sperm travels through semen is added

28. When male is stimulated sexually:
3. Urethra
Tube running through penis
sperm released from this tube
only urine or sperm can pass through at one time-
NOT at the same time
4. Ejaculation
2-6 ml of semen
120 million sperm per ml
Lives hours

29. Problems with sperm production:
Environmental
Antibiotics- decreases amount of sperm
Radiation- deforms sperm
Lead
Pesticides
Excessive alcohol
Drugs
Tobacco

30. What will you be doing??? Research your assigned topic on embryology
Design a PowerPoint Presentation containing at least 10, but no more than 15 slides
Your first slide should be a title slide including the stage of development you are covering and the group members.
Check the rubric for more details!!!

32. Click here to see a sample PowerPoint