1. Unification of Germany and Italy

2. Unification of Germany – Key Players Bismarck 1. Prussian prime minister in 1862 2. Master of Realpolitiks (realistic politics) a. Do whatever it takes to meet the needs of the state b. Do whatever it takes to achieve and hold power 3. Strengthened the Prussian army – pursue an aggressive foreign policy

3. Unification of Germany – How? Denmark vs. Prussia – acquired Schleswig Austria vs. Prussia – acquired Holstein and North German states France vs. Prussia – completed the creation of a German state

4. Unification of Italy – Key Players Cavour 1. Prime minister of Sardinia in 1852 2. Goal  free Italy from Austria and add Lombardy and Venetia to Sardinia Garibaldi 1. Leader of the Red Shirts 2. Conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

5. Unification of Italy – How? Austria vs. Sardinia in 1859 1. Secret Deal  Napoleon III of France promised to support Sardinia in any future war with Austria 2. Sardinia won war and annexed (added) Lombardy Garibaldi and the Red Shirts conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

6. Unification of Italy – How? Venetia  Austro- Prussian War peace treaty Rome  Franco-Prussian War (French troops withdrew from Rome to fight the Prussians) German unification benefited Italian unification