1. BEFORE WE BEGIN…  Homework – Copying is Cheating!  Grade disputes? Come talk with me!  Homework– drawing pictures, poor handwriting, carelessness, sloppiness – ALL will result in loss of points!

2. WARM-UP  If you had ABSOLUTE control over the school, what changes would you implement?  Create a list of at least FIVE changes you would make or things you would do.

6. Absolute Monarchs in Europe Spain’s Empire Chapter 21.1

7. Quick Question…  What do you think of when you hear the word “ABSOLUTE”  What are some synonyms for this word?

8. Quick Introduction…  What is an ABSOLUTE MONARCH?   A king or queen who has total power, and seeks to control all aspects of society  What gives the king their power?   Divine Right – belief that God gave the king his “right” to be king  (God’s Representative) FeudalismRenaissanceGrowth of Cities Growth of Nationalism Need for Central Power Evolution of Absolutism

10. I. Spain’s Rise to Power  In the 1500s Spain gained land  this meant that Spain gained “power and influence.”  Spain had an ABSOLUTE RULER = Charles V.  What he controlled:  1. Spain  2. Spain’s colonies in the New World  3. Parts of Italy, Netherlands, and Austria  4. Much of Germany  Charles V split his land, and retired to a monastery

11. Phillip II of Spain  His dad was Charles V  His dad left him Spain, and many of his other holdings  Spain became very rich from their colonies in the New World (this made Phillip very wealthy and powerful!!)  Philip was a FIERCE defender of Catholicism, (he HATED the Muslims and Protestants)  He sent his large naval fleet to England to punish all non-Catholics.

12. HAPSBURG FAMILY TREE

15. Defeat of the Spanish Armada  Who: English vs. Spanish  When: 1588  Where : English Channel  Details: 130 Spanish Ships attacked the English navy English Navy outmaneuvered Spanish, and used long range guns on them  Results: Spain was weakened English Navy became the strongest navy on the Planet!!

20. GOLDEN AGE of SPANISH ART AND LITERATURE  Spanish Wealth  allowed monarchs and nobles to be PATRONS  Two great painters:  1. El Greco  Born in Crete – nicknamed “The Greek”  His art puzzled/baffled people of his time!  Clashing colors, distorted images  Showed deep Catholic faith…

24. ARTISTS  http://arthistoryproject.com/artists/ http://arthistoryproject.com/artists/

25. Problems within the Spanish Empire  The massive wealth that Spain acquired, led to long- term financial problems   Inflation – value of money (silver) is worth less, because so many people have lots of it.  Tax Problems for the Lower Class  led to the near elimination of Middle Class.  King had to borrow money from other countries, and 3 times he had to declare bankruptcy.

26. II. Birth of the Netherlands The Dutch Revolt  Phillip had to raise an army to keep his subjects under control.  Many Dutch were Calvinist (Spain was Catholic).  The Dutch had a prosperous Middle Class  Phillip raised taxes in the Netherlands and tried to end Protestantism.

28. Dutch Revolt (cont’d)  1566  Angry Protestant mobs swept through Catholic Churches.  1568 Phillip had 1500 protestants killed.  1579 they claimed their independence and became the:  United Provinces of the Netherlands.

29. Independent Dutch Prosper  United Provinces of the Netherlands = practiced religious toleration.  They were a Republic   (each province had an elected governor)  Stable gov’t led to economic growth (large fleets allowed for lots of trading!)

30. Dutch Art  During 1600s, the Netherlands became what Florence had been in the 1400s (remember the Renaissance?)  THE BEST BANKS AND ARTISTS!!  Rembrandt van Rijn = was the best.  1.Portraits of wealthy merchants  2. Group portraits  3. Sharp contrast of light and dark, showed individuality of each person

36. Absolutism Dominates Europe  Why did monarchs gain power?  1. Decline of feudalism  2. Rise of cities  3. Merchants supported monarchs  4. Crises   Religious and territorial conflicts   Monarchs tried to regulate this by gaining more power

37. GREAT UPHEAVAL leads to....  Monarchs felt like they had to increase power!  Wanted to control everything  from Social Gatherings to Religious Worship  FREE THEMSELVES FROM THE LIMITATIONS OF SOCIETY AND OTHER NOBLES!!