1. Session 1 Basic Knowledge for Disaster Managers Session 1 Basic Knowledge for Disaster Managers Risk Communication Norio Okada, Michinori Hatayama and Yoko Matsuda

2. Contents 1.What is risk communication? 2.What are risk, hazard and disaster? 3.What is disaster risk communication? 4.Different applications of disaster risk communication.

3. What is risk communication? “an interactive process of exchange of information and opinion among individuals, groups, and institutions regarding risks” “discussion about risk types and levels and about methods for managing risks” US National Research Council (1983) ExpertsCitizens Risk communication: the basic idea

4. Risk communication for action Risk communication is also a mutual information sharing process that consists of recognition, evaluation and action. For this purpose, messages conveyed by information need to be properly delivered via appropriate communication media, and interpreted by respective stakeholders.

5. What are risk, hazard and disaster? Risk is expected losses resulting from interactions between hazards and vulnerable conditions (Risk) = (Probability) x (Impact) Hazard is a phenomenon which may constitute a damaging event Disaster is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society Question: Is a landslide on an uninhabited island a disaster? UN-ISDR (2004)

6. (Risk) = (Probability) x (Impact) Industrial accident Transport accident Industrial accident Transport accident Southeast Asia: Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; Cambodia; East Timor; India; Indonesia; Iran Islam Rep; Lao P Dem Rep; Malaysia; Maldives; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Thailand; Viet Nam; Created with "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database - www.em-dat.net -Université Catholique de Louvain - Brussels - Belgium"

7. Applying “disaster” risk communication You need to consider two aspects: (a) Assume that multiple stakeholders are involved. (b) The communication style will vary according to the phase of the disaster risk management cycle you are in.

8. Aspects of disaster risk communication (a) Multiple stakeholders There are different assumable applications with different involved stakeholders. Information transfer is not one-way but mutual. CITIZENS should be involved because: – They are end victims. – Local knowledge has useful information for disaster management.

9. Risk communication: Multiple stakeholder idea NGOs Citizens Government Officials Disaster experts Engineers Media

10. Aspects of disaster risk communication (b) Phase in disaster management cycle modified from Alexander, 2002 BEFORE THE EVENT AFTER THE EVENT IMPACT EARLY WARNING EDUCATION PRE-IMPACT EMERGENCY RESTORATION PREPAREDNESS RECONSTRUCTION Disaster DISASTER

11. Application of disaster risk communication Early Warning (a) Government engineers, media, citizens (b) Pre-impact and emergency phases Disaster Education (a) Citizens, NGOs (b) Restoration, reconstruction and preparedness phases

12. Disaster risk communication in developing countries (1) Risk communication as risk management is newly developed. ProVention Consortium: is established by the World Bank Group to support developing countries reduce the risk and social, economic and environmental impacts of disasters. http://www.proventionconsortium.org/

13. Disaster risk communication in developing countries (2) UN/ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) http://www.unisdr.org/ Know Risk (2005, ISDR) http://www.know-risk.org/