1. Welcome to Introductory SPSS Workshop  Dr. Satyendra Singh Director, Centre for Emerging Markets Professor, Marketing and International Business Editor, International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets s.singh@uwinnipeg.ca www.uwinnipeg.ca/~ssingh5

2. Outline  Scales  Coding and Input  Skewness (+ve/-ve), Outliers  Statistical Tests  Descriptive, ANOVA, T-test, X 2, Correlation, and Regression  Hands-on Exercises  Case Study 2

3. Scales  Ratio (real)  0  0  Interval (equal)  0  Re. point  Ordinal (ranked)  How much?! Likert, 7-pt. scale  Nominal (Categorical) 3

4. Coding and Input  Variables  Dep. Var. or Ind. Var.  All qualitative info  #s  #s  Normal distribution curve  If not  Skewness  +ve skewness, mean > median  -ve skewness, mean < median  Treatment of outliers 4

5. Statistical Test: Descriptive  Explore data  Mean  Median  Frequency  Normality  Integrity  Graph 5

6. Statistical Test: ANOVA  Impact of IV (with groups) on DV  Homogeneity within groups  DV  Scale  IV  Nominal  Gender  Male  Female 6

7. Statistical Test: T-test  Difference  b/w 2 groups  Against a benchmark  Groups  Independent  Related  Variables  Ratio, Ordinal? 7

8. Statistical Test: X 2  Difference b/w 2 or more variables  Variables  Nominal  If Scale, transform it to Nominal  Correlation  Pearson if Scale  Spearman if Ordinal  Tou if Nominal 8

9. Statistical Test: Regression  Impact of several IVs on DV  Homogeneity within groups  DV  Scale  IV  Scale preferable  R 2 (Variance Explained) >.3?  VIF (Variation Inflation Factor) < 5-10? 9

10. Hands-on Exercise… 10 What is the mean, median? Is this data normal? $60,000 $65,000 $70,000 $80,000 $275,000 DESCRIPTIVE  FREQUENCY  CHART DESCRIPTIVE  EXPLORE  NORMALITY

11. Hands-on Exercise 11 1 27 29 2 2.53MaleYes 2 7 2 21 26 3 2.49MaleYes 4 5 3 23 23 1 1.75FemaleNo 6 4 4 37 36 6 1.70MaleNo 4 8 5 31 21 2 2.87MaleNo 14 3 6 21 27 1 2.67FemaleNo 0 1 7 16 18 1 3.41FemaleYes 0 3 8 19 24 1 3.20MaleNo 8 5 9 22 23 2 2.80MaleYes 5 5 10…. 11… 12… Age education mom father birthwt gender smoke mom father

12. Questions?