1. Tips for revision  Issues that have been asked about less:  Genetic Engineering  Embryo Research  Right to a Child  Theories that have been asked about less:  Absolutism and Relativism  Natural Law  Kant  Preference Utilitarianism

2. Tips for revision  Past papers  All past questions are in the back of your booklets  Example essays  Moodle Moodle  Key terms  We will have a key terms test in next week’s lesson

3. Relativist and Christian 1960s A middle way based on selfless love Four working principles Six fundamental principles

4.  Pragmatism  What you propose must work in practice  Relativism  In every situation we should act out of love, but what love requires will be relative to the particular situation  Positivism  A value judgement needs to be made, giving first place to love  Personalism  Situation ethics is focused on what is best for the people involved in any situation

5. 1. Love only is always good  Love is the only thing that is intrinsically good – it is the only absolute 2. Love is the only norm  Love is the only rule that people must follow – this self- giving love allows people the freedom and responsibility to make their own choices 3. Justice is love distributed  Justice will follow naturally from love – agape love involves loving all our neighbours

6. 4. Love is not liking  Love has no favourites – it does not give special treatment to those we like but treats everyone the same 5. Love justifies its means  Love must be the final end, not a means to an end – as long as the end is love any action can be justified 6. Love decides there and then  The loving thing to do will depend on the situation – we cannot have fixed ideas in mind because this will cloud our moral judgements

7. Natural Law Absolutist Catholic Goodness = fulfilment of purpose Worship God Live in an ordered society Reproduce Educate children Preserve life Primary Precepts Secondary Precepts Aristotle’s four causes - purpose Real and apparent goods Four levels of law

8. Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) More deontological than Bentham Relativist Individuals must be protected Rules are needed to protect the common good Universalizability Competent judges Quality of pleasure: higher and lower pleasures Raised as a Utilitarian