1. Vaccination Strategies Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine- Preventable Diseases National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Revised March 2008

2. Why Focus on Strategies to Increase Immunization? Immunization levels not optimal Cost-effectiveness of some strategies uncertain Sustainable systems needed

3. A ssessment F eedback I ncentives e X change AFIX

4. Special Characteristics of AFIX Focuses on outcomes Focuses on providers Blend of advanced technology and personal interaction

5. Assessment Evaluation of medical records to ascertain the immunization rate for a defined group Diagnosis of potential service delivery problems Assessment increases awareness

6. Feedback Informing immunization providers about their performance Assessment with feedback creates the awareness necessary for behavior change

7. How to Provide Feedback With feeling and precision Without judgment With confidentiality as appropriate

8. Incentives Something that incites to action Vary by provider and stage of progress Opportunities for partnership and collaboration

9. eXchange of Information Allows access to more experience than an individual can accumulate Motivates improvement Coordinates resources and efforts

10. VFC/AFIX Incorporate AFIX activities during VFC site visits Combine VFC/AFIX site visits Reduces number of visits Extends reach of AFIX

11. Comprehensive Clinic Assessment Software Application ( CoCASA) VFC and AFIX results Immediate assessment results Estimate of coverage levels Reasons for deficiencies Reports on patient subsets

12. Strategies for High Immunization Levels Recordkeeping Recommendations and reinforcement Reminder and recall to patients Reminder and recall to providers Reduction of missed opportunities Reduction of barriers to immunization

13. Records Must be available at the time of the visit Must be easy to read Must be accurate – reflect current patient population – reflect all vaccines given

14. Immunization Registries Single data source for all providers Reliable immunization history Produce records for patient use Key to increasing immunization levels

15. Recommendations and Reinforcement Recommend the vaccine – powerful motivator – patients likely to follow recommendation of the provider Reinforce the need to return – verbal – written – link to calendar event

16. Reminders and Recall to Patients Reminder—notification that immunizations are due soon Recall—notification that immunizations are past due Content of message and technique of delivery vary Reminders and recall have been found to be effective

17. Reminders and Recall to Providers Communication to healthcare providers that an individual client’s immunizations are due soon or past due Examples – computer-generated list – stamped note in the chart – “Immunization Due” clip on chart

18. A healthcare encounter in which a person is eligible to receive vaccination but is not vaccinated completely Missed Opportunity

19. Reasons for Missed Opportunities Lack of simultaneous administration Unaware child needs additional vaccines Invalid contraindications Inappropriate clinic policies Reimbursement deficiencies

20. Strategies for Reducing Missed Opportunities Standing orders Provider education with feedback Provider reminder and recall systems

21. Reduction to Barriers to Immunization Physical barriers – waiting time – distance Psychological barriers – unpleasant experience – safety concerns

22. CDC Vaccines and Immunization Contact Information Telephone 800.CDC.INFO Email nipinfo@cdc.gov Website www.cdc.gov/vaccines