1. ROCKS Any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally as a part of our planet

2. Geologists classify rocks into 3 groups 1. Igneous Rock: rock that has cooled from molten rock. 3. Sedimentary Rock: rock that forms from pressed particles, or precipitates. 2. Metamorphic Rock: Rock that has been changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

3. The Rock Cycle Earth is one big recycling machine! The rock cycle is powered by external and internal processes

4. External Processes: - Occur on or near Earth’s surface - Driven by sun’s energy and gravity c - Form Sedimentary Rock

5. Internal Processes: - Driven by heat from Earth’s interior F- - Forms metamorphic and igneous rocks

6. Rock Cycle A series of processes on Earth’s surface and inside the planet Processes change rocks from one kind to another. Rock Cycle diagrams can be very simple, or very complex.

7. Heat and Pressure Metamorphic Rock http://www.free- press.biz/Grand-Teton- Park/graphics/lake- solitude.jpg Rocks at Earth’s Surface Processes Rock or Rock Material Weathering Sediments Erosion Deposition Cementation and Compaction Uplift Volcanic Activity Melting Uplift doesn’t need to be uplifted, its already at the surface! Sedimentary Rock Extrusive Igneous Rock Intrusive Igneous Rock Magma Cooling and Crystallization

8. Heat and Pressure Metamorphic Rock Rocks at Earth’s Surface Processes Rock or Rock Material Weathering Sediments Erosion Deposition Cementation and Compaction Uplift Volcanic Activity Melting Uplift doesn’t need to be uplifted, its already at the surface! Sedimentary Rock Extrusive Igneous Rock Intrusive Igneous Rock Magma Cooling and Crystallization

9. Igneous Rock http://scotlandschool.org/staff/mbakken/Reading.htm Igneous means fire in Latin

10. Extrusive Formation of Igneous Rocks Intrusive

11. Intrusive – Formed within Earth’s crust Intrusive Igneous Rocks Mostly Si and O, plus Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, and Mg Plus some gases including H 2 O in vapor form.

12. II Intrusive Igneous Rocks Magma is less dense, so it works its way toward the surface. Gases are held within the magma by pressure of surrounding rocks. As magma cools, minerals crystallize.

13. II Intrusive Igneous Rocks Even though they FORM within earth, Intrusive Igneous rocks are found at the surface, when the rock above them erodes.. Yosemite Nat’l Park, California

14. Magma at the surface is called lava. Extrusive Igneous Rocks Lava is similar in composition to magma, but most of the gas has escaped.

15. Extrusive Igneous Rocks Lava hardens into extrusive igneous rock. Big Big Bend Nat’l Park, Texas

18. Heat and Pressure Metamorphic Rock http://www.free- press.biz/Grand-Teton- Park/graphics/lake- solitude.jpg cam pus. mst. edu/ geo- geop / Pictu res/f olds. jpg Rocks at Earth’s Surface Processes Rock or Rock Material Weathering Sediments Erosion Deposition Cementation and Compaction Uplift Volcanic Activity Melting Uplift doesn’t need to be uplifted, its already at the surface! Sedimentary Rock Extrusive Igneous Rock Intrusive Igneous Rock Magma Cooling and Crystallization h&p melting

19. http://www.free-press.biz/Grand-Teton- Park/graphics/lake-solitude.jpg Rocks at Earth’s Surface Processes Rock or Rock Material Uplift Volcanic Activity doesn’t need to be uplifted, its already at the surface! Extrusive Igneous Rock Intrusive Igneous Rock Magma Cooling and Crystallization Igneous Processes - Rock melts in magma - Magma cools and crystalizes Below surface: Intrusive At surface: Extrusive melting

20. http://www.free-press.biz/Grand-Teton-Park/graphics/lake-solitude.jpg Igneous Processes Extrusive igneous rock has _____ crystals. Intrusive igneous rock has ______ crystals. The rock cycle is powered by ______ _______. Name:__________ Per: ____ Put the name of the process in the oval, put the name of the rock or rock material in the rectangle.

21. The most abundant of all rock types: 65% of earth’s crust Extrusive igneous - formed from lava above the surface: Most abundant is basalt. Intrusive igneous - formed from magma below the surface: Most abundant is granite. Igneous Rock www.mr-p.ca www.ggproducts.co.uk

22. Igneous: texture Depends on shape and size of mineral crystals 2. Fine grained - (Aphanitic) rapidly cooling from lava (small crystals). 3. Glassy - grains too fine to be seen, or they do not exist at all. 1. Coarse Grained - (Phaneritic) slow cooling from magma (large crystals). 4. Porphyritic – very large crystals surrounded by medium to fine crystals – very slow cooling 5. Porous – air bubbles from escaping gases (extrusive)

23. www.answersincreati on.org csmres.jmu.edu/.../HTMLimag/Diorite-3A1.11.JPG www.mr-p.ca porphyritic course-grained fine-grained glassy porous

24. Composition of Igneous Rock High Fe and Mg= dark colorHigh Si = light color www.ac-creteil.fr csmres.jmu.edu/.../HTMLimag/Diorite-3A1.11.JPG Basaltic composition ((mafic) Granitic composition (f(felsic) majority of oceanic crustmajority of continental crust

25. A B A. GRANITIC COMPOSITION B. BASALTIC COMPOSITION

26. Composition of Igneous Rock Basaltic composition ((mafic) Granitic composition (f(felsic) Andesitic composition ((between basaltic and granitic)

28. Uses for Igneous Rock Building Materials: Hard, Dense, Durable (Granite) http://www.mapsofworld.com brentwood.thefuntimesguide.com www.mrs-stone-store.co

29. Gravel: Basalt Cleaning and polishing: Pumice

30. http://www.free-press.biz/Grand-Teton-Park/graphics/lake-solitude.jpg Igneous Processes Extrusive igneous rock has _____ crystals. Intrusive igneous rock has ______ crystals. The rock cycle is powered by ______ _______. Name:__________ Per: ____ Put the name of the process in the oval, put the name of the rock or rock material in the rectangle. rocks at surface intrusive igneous rock extrusive igneous rock cooling and crystallization intrusive igneous rock volcanic activity uplift volcanic activity magma