1. Workshop on Doctoral Education in Architecture Doctoral Education: New Agenda of EC Gulsun Saglamer Istanbul Technical University 28-29 November 2011, Istanbul Technical University

2. Content Setting the Scene by Facts Activites on Doctoral Education in EU New Agenda of EC: Green Paper Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative : Innovation Union

3. Facts I Financial Resources Allocated for R&D (%GDP) *EU 1.84 %(2006) Japan3.39 % USA2.61 % Turkey 0.85 % *Franz van Vught, 2009 3 Number of Researchers The number of full time equivalent researchers /per thousand labor force 5.4 in the EU in 2003, compared to 10.1 in japan 9.0 in USA World share of Sci. Publ. Publ./ million population EU 38%639 USA33%809 Japan 9%569 Patent Applications 31 % EU 33 % USA16 % japan (2005) Patent applications increased dramatically in Asian countries (2000-2005) » India 241% » China 137%

4. Facts II In 2005, the EU-27 produced some 100,000 doctoral graduates compared to 53,000 in the USA 15,000 in Japan Between 2000-2005 average annual growth on the number of doctoral graduates, EU-275% USA3.3% Japan4.6% Over 50% of doctorate holders in Europe moving into carreers beyond academic sector, collaborative doctoral programmes are becoming increasingly important. EUA,Collaborative Doctoral Education, 2009 4

5. Activities on Doctoral Programmes across Europe EUA and BFUG meetings on Doctoral Studies in the last 5 years: Bologna Seminar on “Doctoral Programmes for the European Knowledge Society”, Salzburg, 2005 EUA’s “Transatlantic Dialogue on Doctoral Education”, Salzburg, 2006 Bologna Seminar on “Doctoral Programmes”, Nice 2007 “First Global Summit”–Banff Principles, 2007 “EUA Doc Career Project”, 2006-2008 “EUA Doctoral Council Launch Conference”, Lausanne, 2008 “EUA Conference on Doctoral Education”, Lausanne, 2009 “EUA-CDE Workshop”, Wageningen, 2010 “Third EUA-CDE Workshop”, Ghent, 2010 “Third EUA-CDE Annual Conference”, Berlin, 2010 “Fourth EUA-CDE Annual Conference, Madrid, 2011

6. Fourth EUA-CDE Annual Meeting 2011 Promoting Creativity – cultivating the research mindset The goal of doctoral education is to nurture the innovative research mindset. Achieving this mindset requires the development of a high level of autonomy and critical thinking as well as the ability to think independently and creatively about highly complex issues.

7. New Agenda of EC: Green Paper (9.2.2011) “Europe needs to make a step change in its research and innovation performance. As the Innovation Union pointed out, this requires research and innovation to be better linked. We should break away from traditional compartmentalised approaches and focus more on challenges and outcomes to be achieved, linking our research and innovation funding closer to our policy objectives. Developing a simplified set of instruments and rules is equally crucial, while leaving room for flexibility where it is needed.” Green paper is o Trying to integrate o Funding Resources, o Human Resources o Creating attractive research and innovation climate to attract talents o Removing barriers between disciplines, sectors, countries 3 I Interdiscipliner-Intersectoral-International GREEN PAPER, From Challenges to Opportunities: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for EU Research and Innovation funding, 9.2.2011

8. Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative Innovation Union (6.10.2010) What are the main goals for Europe 2020 strategy? o Smart / sustainable / inclusive growth o Innovation Union o 1 million new research jobs o Attracting, training and retaining young and talented people to become researchers o Quality of doctoral training, with business involvement o Internationally competitive research careers o Attractive employement conditions o Gender balance Two new programmes are created in MC 1.European Industrial Doctorates 2.Innovative Doctoral Programmes

9. EC Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative to achieve Innovation Union, the following are needed (10) 3. Our education systems at all levels need to be modernised. Excellence must even more become the guiding principle. We need more world-class universities, raise skill levels and attract top talent from abroad. 6. We need to get more innovation out of our research. Cooperation between the worlds of science and the world of business must be enhanced, obstacles removed and incentives put in place. 9. Our strengths in design and creativity must be better exploited. We must champion social innovation. We must develop a better understanding of public sector innovation, identify and give visibility to successful initiatives, and benchmark progress. 9

10. EC Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative to achieve Innovation Union: Some Committements (34) 2. The commission will also support business-academia collaborations through the creation of “knowledge Alliances” between education and business to develop new operations 4. By the end of 2014, Quality of doctoral training, attractive employement conditions and gender balance in research careers will be ensured through a common approach. 19. In 2011, the Commission will set up a European Design Leadership Board which will be invited to make proposals within a year to enhance the role of design in innovation policy, for example through EU and/or national programmes, and a "European Design Excellence" label. As part of the follow up to the Green Paper on cultural and creative industries, the Commission will establish a European Creative Industries Alliance to develop new forms of support for these industries and promote the wider use of creativity by other sectors. 10

11. Some Thoughts The problem is How long will it take to realise what have been declared in “EC Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative to achieve Innovation Union” Sustainable Funding EU and Nation States have powerful capabilities but there is a strong need to receive ongoing support from the public sector and leverage significant funds from industry. Sustainability of funding plays a crucial role in this process Strategies Strategies at EU and nation state levels should pay sufficient attention to business requirements and the location of relevant expertise. They should also create suitable environment for efficient and effective cooperation between university and industry 11

12. Challenges for “Industrial/Innovative Doctoral Programmes” Universities are excellent in fundamental research but when it comes to applied research many academics see “innovation” as an activity which should be taking place outside university environment. There is a “gap” not “walls” between university ---------- industry 12

13. Achievements of Marie Curie Programme MC Actions may provide new opportunities for industrial PhD Schemes – MC has reached to 50 000 MC fellows by 2010 and – heading to reach 90 000 by 2013 Speed of change is too high There is a need for ACTION Without question that requires A new mind-set in the Higher Education World and ……Industry as well. 13

14. Questions What are the needs of the society? What are the needs of construction industry? What are the capabilities of the universities? What kind of instrument should be used? There is a strong need for joint efforts to use potentials of HEIs and industry for R&I and to be able to develop “New Generation of Doctoral Programmes” 14

15. Thank You

16. References  Europe 2020 Flagship Initiative, Innovation Union (6.10.2010)  GREEN PAPER, From Challenges to Opportunities: Towards a Common Strategic Framework for EU Research and Innovation funding, 9.2.2011  Harris, R., Giard J., Pijawka D., 2004, Interdisciplinary Doctoral Education in Environmental Design: Assessment of Programs, Issues, Structure, and Vision,  Saglamer,G., 2010 “ Innovation and Industrial Ph.D Schemes,”, Conference on “the Future of European Universities After Bologna”, 13 december 2010, University Foundation, Brussels  EUA,Collaborative Doctoral Education, 2009 Frans Van Vught,, “The EU Innovation Agenda: Challenges for European Higher Education and Researché, Higher Education and Management and Pol,icy, journal of the programme on IMHE, Vol 21/2, 2009, pp 9-12.