1. Chapter 11 The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

3. Essential Question Discuss the following questions with your neighbors and be prepared to share with the class: 1.Are you ready to be completely independent from your parents right now? Why or why not?

4. A New Period of Imperialism –Euros want to control all aspects of their colonies –Forms of control Colony, Protectorate, Sphere of Influence, Economic Imperialism Section 2 Imperialism

5. Forms of Imperialism FormDefinition Colony governed by a foreign power Protectorate governs itself, but under outside control Sphere of Influence outside power controls investment and trading Economic Imperialism controlled by private business interests

6. A Methods of management –Indirect control Limited self-rule for local governments –Direct control Paternalism –Euros provide for local people, but grant no rights Assimilation –adaptation of local people to ruling culture –Nigeria had many different ethnic groups Indirect rule successful w/ Hausa-Fulani but not with Igbo and Yoruba –Hausa-Fulani are used to a strong central gov’t

7. Imperial Management Methods Indirect ControlDirect Control

8. Imperial Management Methods Local government officials Foreign officials brought in to rule No self-rule Limited self-rule Goal: develop future leaders Goal: assimilation Gov’t institutions are based on Euro styles but many have local rulers Gov’t institutions are based only on Euro styles Direct Control Foreign officials brought in to rule No self-rule Goal: assimilation Gov’t institutions are based only on Euro styles Indirect Control Local government officials Limited self-rule Goal: develop future leaders Gov’t institutions are based on Euro styles but many have local rulers

9. African Resistance –Lots of resistance to imperialism, but Euros have superior weapons –Unsuccessful movements Maji-Maji Rebellion –spiritually inspired revolt against GER –Believed magic water would protect them from bullets; 75,000 die –Ethiopia: successful resistance Menelik II resists EurosMenelik II –Plays Euros against each other –Stockpiles arsenal of modern weapons & uses them to defeat Italy –Never colonized Arsenal: supply of weapons and ammunition Stockpile: to gather and save something for future use

10. Effects of Colonial Rule –Negative Afrs lose land, independence, many lives Traditional cultures break down Unnaturally imposed national boundaries of Afr creates problems that continue today –Positive Colonialism reduces local fighting Sanitation improves; hospitals and schools created Technology brings economic growth Sanitation: keeping things clean, protecting health

11. The Scramble for Africa Use your book/notebook to answer questions about Imperialism in Africa How did the Brit control Nigeria and their other colonies? Indirectly by allowing existing political rulers to govern under British authority and local officials to manage daily affairs What method of management did FR use w/ their colonies? Direct control through policies of paternalism and assimilation How did Algeria’s resistance differ from East Afr resistance? Algeria used active resistance, East Africans used a spiritual defense Why was Ethiopia able to successfully resist European rule? Emperor Menelik II took advantage of the rivalries between IT, FR, BR to build an arsenal, defeated IT How did Africans benefit from imperialism? Colonialism reduced local warfare; improved education, sanitation, transportation and communication; African products became valued on international market Where were the negative consequences of imperialism in Africa? New diseases from Euros and resistance to colonialism killed many; loss of property, famine, breakdown in traditional way of life, artificial political divisions would lead to ethnic and civil wars