2. PRIMARY SOURCE: The king of Ghana when he calls up his army, can put 200,000 men into the field, more than 40,000 of them archers. - Al-Bakri, a member of a prominent Spanish Arab family who lived during the 11th century. Europeans control only 10% of land Largest empire at peak = 10 million European travel really, really hard, YEAH. Large trade networks

3. Sparked interest I want some!! Berlin Conference 1884- 1885 PRIMARY SOURCE: “I contend that we [Britons] are the first reace in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race… It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory.” – Cecil Rhodes, Confession of Faith 1877

4. industrial ambitions explorers missionaries and humanitarians geographic expansion PRIMARY SOURSE: Germany historian Treitschke stated, “all great nations in fullness of their strength have desired to set their mark on barbarian lands

5. PRIMARY SOURCE: “[The African’s] chances of effective resistance have been steadily dwindling with the increasing perfectibility in the killing power of modern armament” – Edward Morel, The Black Man’s Burden Europeans had superior weaponry Africans outnumbered Europeans Betrayed alliances Ethiopia only country to successfully throw out Euros

6. PRIMARY SOURCE: “…something else is needed for France: that she must also be a great country exercising all of her rightful influence over the destiny of Europe, that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the world and carry her language, her customs, and her flag.” – Jules Ferry, the French National Assembly

7. Africa divided by Europeans Colonialism reduced local warfare Economic growth increased Africans lost control of land and independence Many died from disease and resistance against the Europeans Suffered a breakdown of traditional cultures PRIMARY SOURCE: “ Believing that the process of liberation is irresistible and irreversible and that, in order to avoid serious crises, an end must be put to colonialism and all practices of segregation and discrimination…” - General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV), December 14, 1960, Declaration on Granting Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 1960