1. RNA & Transcription

2. Contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all organisms Found in the nucleus of cells! Made up of Nucleotides Sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate Nitrogenous Base  Adenine  Thymine  Cytosine  Guanine

3. 1 DNA strand 2 DNA strands The first DNA strand acts as a template for the newly formed strand of DNA DNA polymerase copies the new strand of DNA Practice replicating DNA!!!

5. Single stranded Sugar is Ribose DNA = Deoxyribose RNA is Copied from DNA during a process called transcription Made up of nucleotides Does not contain thymine Uracil (U) replaces thymine in RNA strand

6. DNA ATT GAT CAT AGT RNA UAA CUA GUA UCA

7. mRNA- (messenger RNA) sends the message of DNA to the ribosomes rRNA- (ribosomal RNA) make up ribosomes (place of protein assembly) tRNA- (transfer RNA) transfers the RNA message into proteins

8. Makes RNA from DNA DNA- GCA CTA GTC ATC RNA- CGU GAU CAG UAG End Result: 1 DNA strand 1 mRNA Strand

10. 1. RNA polymerase, an enzyme, binds to DNA found in the nucleus and separates the DNA strands 2. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template for assembling a strand of mRNA that is then released into the cytoplasm.

11. DNA Replication 1 DNA Strand 2 DNA Strands Transcription DNARNA Translation RNAProtein End of DNA /RNA

12. The sequence of nucleotides serves as instructions for the order of amino acids Proteins are made from joining many amino acids into a long chain The code is read 3 letters at a time

13. Every three nucleotides is a word known as a codon. AGTTCCGAT Each specific codon represents a single amino acid Chains of amino acid make proteins 64 different codons

14. Decoding of a mRNA into a polypeptide chain or protein. First mRNA is transcribed from DNA and released to the cytoplasm

15. Step 1: A ribosome forms around a molecule of mRNA needs the start codon AUG Step 2: Each codon allows the proper amino acid to be brought into the ribosome by tRNA. Step 3: The amino acids are attached together along an “assembly line” to form a chain.

18. Step 4: The new protein grows as the codons are 'read‘ until a stop codon appears Step 5: The completed protein is released.

20. http://www- class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/anima tion/gene/gene_a3.html http://www- class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/anima tion/gene/gene_a3.html http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flasha nimat/molgenetics/translation.swf http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flasha nimat/molgenetics/translation.swf http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/te mplates/student_resources/shared_resources /animations/protein_synthesis/protein_synth esis.html http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/te mplates/student_resources/shared_resources /animations/protein_synthesis/protein_synth esis.html

21. http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olc/dl/120077/micro06.swf http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olc/dl/120077/micro06.swf http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~biology/teachin g/genetics/animations/translation.htm http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~biology/teachin g/genetics/animations/translation.htm

22. http://www- class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/anima tion/gene/gene_a3.html http://www- class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/anima tion/gene/gene_a3.html http://www- ass.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animati on/gene/gene_a3.html http://www- http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~biology/teachin g/genetics/animations/translation.htm http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/~biology/teachin g/genetics/animations/translation.htm

23. http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olc/dl/120077/micro06.swf http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olc/dl/120077/micro06.swf http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/te mplates/student_resources/shared_resources /animations/protein_synthesis/protein_synth esis.html http://www.brookscole.com/chemistry_d/te mplates/student_resources/shared_resources /animations/protein_synthesis/protein_synth esis.html

24. Start codon- "AUG" - Methionine signals initiation translation Stop Codon- "UAG, UAA, and UGA" signals termination of translation

25. UUUCAGGAA AUACCGAGA GCUGACUAC