1. Movements @ Joints

2. Types of Movements @ Synovial Joints 1. Gliding relatively flat surfaces move back-and-forth & side-to-side

3. Types of Movements @ Synovial Joints 2. flexion/extension/ hyperextension: opposite movements – flexion: decrease in angle between articulating bones – extension: increase in angle between articulating bones – hyperextension: continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position

5. Types of Movements @ Synovial Joints 3. abduction/adduction/ circumduction – abduction: movement of bone away from midline – adduction: movement of bone toward midline – circumduction: movement of distal end of a body part in a circle

7. Types of Movements @ Synovial Joints 4. elevation/depression: elevation: upward movement of part of body (closing mouth, shrugging shoulders) depression: downward movement of part of body (opening mouth, returning elevated shrugged shoulders to anatomical position)

9. Types of Movements @ Synovial Joints 5. protraction/retraction protraction: movement of part of body anteriorly in transverse plane retraction: returning a protracted part of body to anatomical position

11. Types of Movements @ Synovial Joints 6. inversion/ eversion inversion: movement of soles medially @ intertarsal joints (soles face each other) eversion: movement of soles laterally @ intertarsal joints

13. Types of Movements @ Synovial Joints 7. dorsiflexion/ plantar flexion dorsiflexion: bending foot @ ankle in direction of dorsum (superior surface) plantar flexion: bending foot @ ankle in direction of plantar surface

15. Types of Movements @ Synovial Joints 8. supination/pronation supination: movement of forearm in which palm is turned anteriorly pronation: movement of forearm in which distal end of radius crosses over distal end ulna & palm is turned posteriorly

17. Types of Movements @ Synovial Joints 9. opposition movement of thumb in which thumb moves across palm to touch tips of the fingers on same hand

19. Ball - & - Socket Joint ball-like surface of one bone fits into a cuplike depression of another bone permits movement around 3 axis + all directions in between – flexion – extension – abduction – adduction – circumduction – rotation