1. Civil War Battles

2. Capitals Union (Washington D.C.) Confederacy (Richmond, VA)

4. Battle of Bull Run (July 1861) Manasses Junction, VA First major bloodshed of the Civil War Union General McDowell Attacked Confederate General Pierre G.T. Beauregard Roughly 30,000 men on each side Few Casualties Confederate victory Almost resulted in the fall of Washington Result: Lincoln settles on “Anaconda Plan” (Goal – starve South into submission) Bull Run

5. Battle of Shiloh (March 1862) 1862 - Ulysses S. Grant moved Union forces South into Tennessee capturing a couple Confederate strong points Confederates attack with 40,000 men at Shiloh ◦After 2 days of battle Confederates fall back Grant’s losses leave him unable to follow and crush the Confederate forces ◦Grant is relieved of command Losses Union – 13,000 Confederates – 10,500

6. Merrimack vs. Monitor A battle of “ironclads” March 8 – 9, 1862 CSS Virginia – Merrimack ◦Attacked the Cumberland (Union ship) ◦Attacked the USS Congress USS Monitor ◦Invention of John Ericcson ◦Responded to attack by Merrimack ◦Two ships exchanged fire with little effect http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/hampton-roads.html?tab=facts

7. A Lost Opportunity General McClellan moved a force of over 100,000 Union soldiers down the Potomac River ◦25 miles from Richmond Poised for massive strike on Richmond ◦Could bring a quick end to the war General Lee send “Stonewall” Jackson and his forces west into Shenandoah Valley ◦Lincoln orders 20,000 men to pursue

8. Antietam (September 17, 1862) Lee divides his forces into multiple sections Little room to maneuver on battlefield 70,000 Union soldiers vs. 40,000 Confederates Over 22,000 casualties in one day of battle ◦Deadliest single day of war ◦AntietamAntietam

9. Following Antietam Confederate lines were intact, but vulnerable Lee had no move ◦Spent following day scanning field for a Union weakness ◦Finally, when night falls he retreats back across Potomac River Lincoln relieves McClellan of command

10. Emancipation Proclamation (September 22, 1862) Given by Lincoln following battle at Antietam ◦Wanted to wait till after a victory ◦Hoped to gain support of foreign nations that opposed slavery “All slaves in areas in rebellion shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” Lincoln wanted states to end slavery individually Southerners saw it as attempt to insight rebellion

11. Habeas Corpus Court order that requires authorities to bring person held in jail before the court to determine why he or she is being jailed Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in Maryland (in other states later in the war) ◦13,000 suspected Confederate sympathizers were arrested and held without trial

12. Chancellorsville (May 1863) Union troops numbered 125,000 ◦Twice the number of Confederates Chancelorsville Jackson moves 28,000 men to flank Union forces Both sides lose about 12,000 men ◦Harder to replace for Confederates

13. Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) 3-day battle that is considered turning point of war ◦Union victory 90,000 Union soldiers vs. 75,000 Confederates Over 50,000 casualties ◦Deadliest battle of the Civil War ◦GettysburgGettysburg

14. Gettysburg Address Speech given while dedicating a cemetery in Gettysburg ◦Purpose was to honor the fallen soldiers who had given their lives for the cause of sustaining the nation

15. Vicksburg (July 4, 1863) Union victory ◦Under Ulysses S. Grant Bombarded city from both land and river Gave Union control of the Mississippi ◦Grant will later be given command of the Union forces

16. Battle of Atlanta (Sept. 1864) Sherman attempts direct attack at Kennesaw Mountain ◦Suffers heavy casualties at hands of Confederate General Johnston Sherman decides to bypass Kennesaw Mountain and attack Atlanta Johnston tried to draw the Union army north by invading Tennessee ◦Sherman continued south “from Atlanta to the sea” ◦AtlantaAtlanta

17. Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman occupied Atlanta ◦Major transportation center for the South Instead of defending Atlanta, he burned it and moved South ◦Initiated “total war” as he moved toward Savannah ◦Sherman’s victories help Lincoln win election of 1864  212 electoral votes to 21  March to the Sea March to the Sea

18. BEFORE AFTER

19. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address - 1864 With victory close at hand, Lincoln spoke for tolerance, mercy, and reconstruction. Urged Americans to turn without malice to the task of mending the damage and to make a just and lasting peace between the sections

20. Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865 Lee and Grant meet at a home in the village of Appomattox Court House in Virginia At Lincoln’s request, the terms were generous surrender

21. McLean House http://www.nps.gov/apco/photosmult imedia/upload/appomattoxmcleanhou separlor.swf

22. Civil War Casualties Civil War cost the nation 600,000 lives US population in 1860 – 31 million Casualties:

23. Clara Barton Union nurse who cared for the sick and wounded at the front lines. ◦Most women served in hospitals instead of at the front lines Described as the “angel of the battlefield” after her courage at Antietam Founded the Red Cross in 1881

24. Andersonville Confederate prison ◦33,000 men jammed into 26 acres  No shelter ◦Drank from the same stream that served as their sewer ◦1/3 of prisoners died  Malnutrition  Disease  Exposure Camps commander, Henry Wirz, was later executed as a war criminal.