1. Wire and Cathode Planes - Current Concept (work in progress) PPD Internal Review – 2 nd Part April 19 th, 2005 Rafael Silva FLARE Fermilab Liquid Argon Experiments

2. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 2Overview (Model by Chuck Grimm) 6 Wire Sectors, each containing 6 Wire Planes 7 Cathode Planes Trusses (schematic) Inner Tank Active volume Diameter: 40m Height: 30m

3. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 3

4. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 4

5. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 5 Detector 6 signal wire sectors, each containing 6 wire planes 6 signal wire sectors, each containing 6 wire planes 7 cathode planes, and 7 cathode planes, and field shaping tubes in between them. field shaping tubes in between them.

6. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 6 Wire plane sectors 6 wire planes in each sector: +30°  induction ½ chamber -30°  induction vertical  collection ½ chamber -30°  induction +30°  induction { {

7. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 7 Read out wires Units: meters

8. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 8 Some wire sector numbers: Wire diameter = 150  m Wire diameter = 150  m Spacing between wires = 5 mm (  ) Spacing between wires = 5 mm (  ) Spacing between planes = 5 mm Spacing between planes = 5 mm Maximum wire length = 38 m Maximum wire length = 38 m Total amount of wires = 302,000 Total amount of wires = 302,000 Read-out wires = 223,000 Read-out wires = 223,000 Total amount of wire= 6,800 km Total amount of wire= 6,800 km

9. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 9 General wire plane requirements:  Robust, long life system, minimizing wire rupture possibility and consequences  Wire position variations should occur smoothly and uniformly  Laid out to provide short read-out cables  Unobtrusive size and packaging  Safe and time/cost efficient assembly  Withstand tensioning and cooldown, including effects from the tank

10. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 10 “Effects from the tank” Roof truss max. vertical deflection:  With own weight: - 2 cm  At max. capacity (900 kg/m):-16 cm  Add internal pressure (10 kPa):+ 8 cm At Liquid Ar temperature (in equilibrium):  No change in truss vertical deflection  Radial contraction of tank: 5 cm

11. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 11 Some wire numbers: Tensioning weight = 1.3 kg Tensioning weight = 1.3 kg Max. elongation = 14 cm Max. elongation = 14 cm Max. thermal contraction = 14 cm Max. thermal contraction = 14 cm Max. stereo wire sag = 2 cm Max. stereo wire sag = 2 cm

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13. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 13 Wire Tensioning Top end is connected to a G-10 board and the other end is connected to a weight Top end is connected to a G-10 board and the other end is connected to a weight Pulleys are staggered and pre- assembled in groups to panels to be located by rails attached to the tank Pulleys are staggered and pre- assembled in groups to panels to be located by rails attached to the tank Prototype required Prototype required

14. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 14 Pulleys on side wall Model by Chuck Grimm Wire by Petros Rapidis!

15. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 15 Wire spacers  Placed every 3 m or less, prevent broken wires from touching cathode planes  Make wire spacing uniform  Relax requirements on wire tension uniformity  Stabilize wires electrically  Reduce areas affected by shorts in case of breakages

16. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 16 Wire Material Same kind as used by Icarus Same kind as used by Icarus Good candidate: vacuum re-melted (for internal defects) austenitic (304, 302) stainless steel, C.W. to 2 GPa tensile strength, 100% eddy-current tested (for external defects) Good candidate: vacuum re-melted (for internal defects) austenitic (304, 302) stainless steel, C.W. to 2 GPa tensile strength, 100% eddy-current tested (for external defects) Load tested, including after installation Load tested, including after installation Cost is relatively low (~ 100 k$ total) Cost is relatively low (~ 100 k$ total)

17. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 17 Wire holding method Wires have looped ends, in the same fashion utilized by Icarus: wrapping the wire around itself. Wires have looped ends, in the same fashion utilized by Icarus: wrapping the wire around itself.

18. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 18 Does this work? Good indications: Icarus has 50,000 wires installed in this fashion Icarus has 50,000 wires installed in this fashion They had no breakage or unwinding so far They had no breakage or unwinding so far Good results in preliminary testing Good results in preliminary testing More testing required More testing required

19. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 19 G-10 Board holding mechanism: Requirements:  Prevent dropping of parts  Minimize assembly mistakes  Allow alignment  Distribute load evenly  Inexpensive

20. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 20 Board holding mechanism concept

21. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 21 Field shaping cage (Model by Bartoszek Engineering) Field shaping cage (Model by Bartoszek Engineering)

22. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 22 Assembly: preliminary thoughts It can be done sequentially, from one end to another or from the center out It can be done sequentially, from one end to another or from the center out Welding should be done prior to wire installation as much as possible Welding should be done prior to wire installation as much as possible Cleanliness is essential Cleanliness is essential Wires can be attached to G-10 boards and spooled into drums prior to assembly Wires can be attached to G-10 boards and spooled into drums prior to assembly Platforms built into the trusses maybe used for mounting the boards Platforms built into the trusses maybe used for mounting the boards

23. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 23 Issues  No “show stopper” has been identified: much fewer uncertainties than CDF/COT had, for instance (mainly due to stringent wire positioning requirements)  Cost is very sensitive to manufacturing processes due to high number of components  Likewise, high number of components also makes a successful time schedule is very sensitive to adequacy of planning  Prototyping and testing of individual components is the natural course of action for a project like this

24. Fermilab Liquid Argon Experiments

25. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 25

26. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 26 Wire: preliminary tests

27. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 27 Test results: 2 wraps around the pin and 4 wraps around itself were enough to prevent unwinding. 2 wraps around the pin and 4 wraps around itself were enough to prevent unwinding. Pulleys are a reliable and simple way to guide the wires - better than bare rods. Pulleys are a reliable and simple way to guide the wires - better than bare rods.

28. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 28 Pulleys mounted to the side Drawing by Chuck Grimm

29. 04/19/05FLARE - Wire and Cathode Planes Rafael Silva 29 Wire board holding mechanism