1. Genetics

2. Gregor Mendel: Father of Genetics Genetics: study of heredity Heredity: passing traits from parent to offspring Used peas to study heredity

3. Why Peas? 1. Several Traits 2. Control mating 3. Small, grow easily, and matures quickly

4. Alleles: Different versions of a gene Ex: White and Purple Flowers

5. Mendel’s Experiment Monohybrid Cross: One pair of contrasting traits.  Ex: Mating a plant with purple flowers with white flowers True-breeding: All offspring would have only one form of the trait  Ex: Purple-flowering plant only has purple- flowered offspring

7. Mendel’s Experiments

8. Vocabulary Dominant: Expressed in appearance (A) Recessive: Not noticeable in appearance (a) Homozygous: AA or aa Heterozygous: Aa

9. More Vocabulary Genotype: Genetic make up (ex: Pp) Phenotype: Appearance (ex: Purple flowers)

10. Laws of Heredity Law of Segregation  The two alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formed Law of Independent Assortment  Alleles of different genes separate independently of each other during meiosis

11. Law of Segregation Separation of alleles into separate gametes 50% chance that one allele will go into a gamete

12. Law of Independent Assortment

13. Punnett Square

14. Ratios

15. Test Cross

16. Dihybrid Cross: Cross that involve two traits