2. Democracy in America 1815-1840 Learning Target- We are going to analyze how various events attributed to the democratization of America

3. Information Revolution Explosion in printing “Penny Press” Sensationalism, crime stories, exposes official misconduct Most everyone read the newspaper!! “alternatives” to newspapers

4. The American System

5. Economic Growth p Tariff of 1816- imports p Second Bank of the U. S. pPrivate, profit-making corporation p paper money had real value p Internal improvements at federal expense - National Roads and Canals John C. Calhoun “Let us conquer space”

6. Economy Leader ____________ Role of Government NORTHEAST Business and Manufacturing Daniel Webster _______________ Wanted Tariffs Backed internal improvements End to cheap public land Increasingly nationalistic Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must abolish it. SOUTH Cotton-growing John C. Calhoun _______________ Opposed tariffs and government spending on American System Increasingly supportive of states’ rights Pro-slavery and opposed any steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and abolish it. WEST Frontier agriculture Henry Clay ______________ Supported internal improvements and American System. Wanted cheap land Loyal to the U.S. Govt. Against slavery but some supported letting the people decide the slavery issue U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with each trying to promote their self-interest.

7. Map roads/canals Help unite the country as well as improve the economy and the infant industry…. Madison vetoed bill to build roads and canals. Why?

9. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

11. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

12. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

13. Why Increased democratization? 3 White male suffrage increased 3 Party nominating committees. 3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. 3 Spoils system-making loyalty to the party main qualification in return for governmental positions 3 Rise of Third Parties. 3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) 3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:  Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)  Democrats (1828)

15. The “Common Man’s” Presidential Candidate

16. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] William H. Crawford [GA]

17. The Election of 1824: The “Corrupt Bargain”

18. Candidate Popular Vote Electoral Vote Andrew Jackson 43%99 J.Q. Adams 31%32 William Crawford 13%41 Henry Clay 13%37

19. Results of the 1824 Election Decision goes the House! A “Corrupt Bargain?” Clay supported Adams= secretary of state Decision goes the House! A “Corrupt Bargain?” Clay supported Adams= secretary of state

20. John Quincy Adams: John Quincy Adams: A bulldog among spaniels! Supported American System Authored Monroe Doctrine Neg. Adams-Onis Treaty Fixed 49 parallel $ for internal improvements Continued to define President’s Constitutional role

22. End of Era of Good Feelings The Democratic Party 1.Agenda and philosophy a.Concern over gulf between social classes b.Aversion to federal promotion of economic development, "special interests" c.Vision of broad access to self- regulating market d.Belief in limits on federal power e.Counterposing of "producing classes" and "non-producers" f.Individual morality as private concern 2.Bases of support a.Farmers remote from markets b.Urban workers c.Aspiring entrepreneurs d.Catholic and immigrants e.South and West The Whig party 1.Agenda and philosophy a.Receptiveness to hierarchy of social classes b.Federal promotion of economic development; "American System" c.Individual morality as public concern 2.Bases of support a.Established businessmen and bankers b.Market-oriented farmers c.Large planters d.Evangelical Protestants e.Northeast

23. Mud Slinging too can help you get elected President!!

24. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

25. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

26. 1828 Election Results

27. The New “Jackson Coalition” 3 The Planter Elite in the South 3 People on the Frontier 3 State Politicians – spoils system 3 Immigrants in the cities.

28. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” 3I3I3I3Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. 3H3H3H3His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” 3B3B3B3Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

29. The Reign of “King Mob”

30. Andrew Jackson as President

31. Jackson v. Calhoun

32. The “Peggy Eaton Affair”

34. State's Rights vs. Federal Authority

35. The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC] Calhoun’s disciple

36. 18301830 Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Illegal, unconstitutional, treasonous Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

38. 1832 Tariff Conflict 3 1828--> Tariff of Abomination Exposition and Protest 3 1832 --> new tariff 3 South Carolina’s reaction? 3 Jackson’s response? 3 Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

40. The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

41. Jackson’s Use of Federal Power VETO1832

42. Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ 3s3s3s3state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. 3s3s3s3supported rapid economic growth & speculation. 3f3f3f3felt that coin was the only safe currency. 3d3d3d3didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. 3s3s3s3suspicious of expansion & speculation.

43. The “Monster” Is Destroyed! 3 1836  the charter expired. 3 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

44. The Downfall of “Mother Bank ”

46. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

47. Civilized Nation??? Sequoyah (also known as George Gist or Guest), inventor of the Cherokee syllabary What other things made them civilized?

48. Indian Removal 3 Jackson’s Goal? 3 Did Jackson have the Constitutional right to remove and displace the Native Americans? 3 Factor in the following cases: 3 Johnson v. M’Intosh 3 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 3 Worcester v. Georgia 3 Jackson’s Quote: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

49. Indian Removal Act of 1830

50. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

51. 1832 Election Results Main Issue?

52. Jackson and Taney Roger B. Taney Chief Justice (1835-1864) Add to Supreme Court Cases Charles River Bridge Co. v. Warren Bridge Co. (1837) Mayor of New York v. Miln (1837) Brisco v. Bank of Kentucky (1837) Jackson’s policies of states’ rights and free enterprise

53. The Specie Circular (1836) 3 “wildcat banks.” 3 buy future federal land only with gold or silver. 3 Jackson’s goal?

54. Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes loose their value. $Land sales plummeted. $Credit not available. $Businesses began to fail. $Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

55. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook”

56. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!