1. Le Châtelier’s Principle Example 2

2. Nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, can be prepared using the reaction:

3. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)

4. Nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, can be prepared using the reaction: 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)  H = –77.2 kJ

5. Nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, can be prepared using the reaction: 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)  H = –77.2 kJ In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use

6. Nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, can be prepared using the reaction: 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)  H = –77.2 kJ In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure

7. Nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, can be prepared using the reaction: 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)  H = –77.2 kJ In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature.

8. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)  H = –77.2 kJ In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature.

9. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)  H = –77.2 kJ In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature.

10. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)  H = –77.2 kJ In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. Exothermic

11. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)  H = –77.2 kJ In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. Exothermic Heat term is on the right

12. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)  H = –77.2 kJ 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + 77.2 kJ In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. Heat term is on the right

13. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g)  H = –77.2 kJ 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature.

14. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature.

15. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature.

16. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT

17. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT A high [NOCl]

18. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT A high [NOCl]

19. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT

20. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT 3 moles of gas

21. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT 3 moles of gas 2 moles of gas

22. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT 3 moles of gas 2 moles of gas If pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the side with fewer moles of gas.

23. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT 3 moles of gas 2 moles of gas If pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the side with fewer moles of gas.

24. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT 3 moles of gas 2 moles of gas If pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the RIGHT.

25. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT If pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the RIGHT. to produce a high yield of NOCl

26. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT If pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the RIGHT.

27. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use (high/low) ________ pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT If pressure is increased, the equilibrium will shift to the RIGHT. In order to achieve the maximum yield possible one should use HIGH PRESSURE.

28. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT In order to achieve the maximum yield possible one should use HIGH PRESSURE.

29. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT Should we use high or low temperature?

30. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT Should we use high or low temperature? to produce a high yield of NOCl

31. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT According to Le Châtelier’s principle, a decrease in temperature will cause the equilibrium to shift toward the heat term.

32. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT We are removing heat, so this reaction counteracts this stress by shifting toward the right, producing more heat.

33. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT Using a low temperature

34. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT Using a low temperature will cause this equilibrium to shift to the right,

35. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and (high/low)_______ temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT Using a low temperature will cause this equilibrium to shift to the right, producing a higher yield of the product NOCl.

36. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and LOW temperature. We want the equilibrium to shift RIGHT In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and LOW temperature.

37. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and LOW temperature. PE Reaction Proceeds Reactants Products Activation Energy

38. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and LOW temperature. PE Reaction Proceeds Reactants Products Activation Energy If the temperature is too low, the rate of the reaction will be very slow.

39. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and LOW temperature. A low temperature will produce a high yield of product,

40. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and LOW temperature. A low temperature will produce a high yield of product, but if it’s too low,

41. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and LOW temperature. A low temperature will produce a high yield of product, but if it’s too low, the rate of the reaction will be too slow to be practical.

42. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and LOW temperature. In an industrial process using this reaction, a low temperature would be used, but still high enough to maintain a reasonable reaction rate.

43. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and LOW temperature.

44. The temperature should be high enough to maintain a reasonable reaction rate. 2NO (g) + Cl 2(g) Ý 2NOCl (g) + heat In order to obtain the highest possible yield of NOCl, one should use HIGH pressure and LOW temperature.