1. Research Topics in Sustainability Thomas Christiani September 18, 2014 Sophomore Engineering Clinic I Fall 2014

2. Objectives Sustainability – Definition – Importance in engineering Research – Types of Articles – IMRAD format – Referencing Couple Both Topics – Let’s look at some articles!

4. Wall-E What is your impression of the video? How did the environment on Earth appear? Were there signs of life? What does the plant represent?

5. SUSTAINABILITY

8. Sustainability What is needed to sustain human life? – Food – Water – Air How can we learn more about sustainability? – Perform research – Discussion of articles later on

9. Importance in Engineering Responsibilities as engineers: – Innovation and creativity – Seek an economical and feasible solution – Ethical and self-conscious decisions – Safety and well-being of people and the environment – Political and social circumstances – Foresee future consequences

10. RESEARCH

11. Researching How do you research topics? What websites do you use? How do you evaluate your sources?

12. Sources There are several types of useful resources that you will come across: – Scholarly Journals – Professional Publications – General Magazines/Newspapers – Books But how do we navigate through all of these sources?

13. The Process Basic Google, Wikipedia Narrowed Magazines, Industrial Articles Focused Journal Publications, Books

14. http://oldsite.lib.purdue.edu/hsse/pdf/difference.pdf

17. IMRAD IMRAD: Introduction, Materials/Methods, Results & Discussion What is it? – A common layout for typical journal articles Other components: – Abstract – Conclusion – Bibliography – References

18. Abstract Stresses the importance of the researched topic Addresses current technology and challenges Suggests a proposed solution to the problem Discusses key methods or results observed Emphasizes why the findings are important

19. Introduction What question was asked? Should be brief Funnels a topic from broad to specific Provide sufficient background information Segue into the aims of the experiment Brainstorm: Content for bottle rocket report?

20. Materials/Methods How was it studied? Discusses designs and how they were performed Detailed enough to be replicated Usually includes statistics Animal models, chemicals reagents, devices, techniques, etc. Brainstorm: Content for bottle rocket report?

21. Results What was found? Should mirror the materials/methods section Helps the reader understand findings Supported by tables and figures from important data Overall, this section stands as your evidence Brainstorm: Content for bottle rocket report?

22. Discussion What do the results mean? Can act as a conclusion Exercises logic and skill in explanations Strengths and limitations may be discussed Relates back to the hypothesis or other important research Significance and implications can be eye-opening Brainstorm: Content for bottle rocket report?

23. Referencing Why is it important? – It shows that your work is based on previous studies – Helps to distinguish your own ideas from others – Provides support and evidence for your research – Prevents plagiarism from occurring – Shows range and source of research

24. Referencing Book J. K. Author, “Title of chapter in the book,” in Title of His Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, Country if not USA: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx. Technical Reports J. K. Author, “Title of report,” Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev. State, Rep. xxx, year. Periodicals J. K. Author, “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year. Online Source J. K. Author. (year, month day). Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available: http://www.(URL) http://www.ieee.org/documents/ieeecitationref.pdf

25. COUPLING

26. NEWSPAPER

29. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/16/world/asia/desalination-plant-beijing-china.html?_r=0

30. PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATION

32. http://www.asce.org/CEMagazine/ArticleNs.aspx?id=23622330173#.VBpTIP10z3s

33. BOOK

37. JOURNAL ARTICLE

43. Research Topics in Sustainability Questions?