2. The Mexican Revolution  What were reasons for the Mexican Revolution?

3. Challenges of Independence  1833: Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna is Mexico’s President  1835: Stephen Austin leads a group of American’s in Tejas, who want to break away from Mexico, create independent Texas  Santa Anna wins early battles including the Alamo, but ultimately loses to Houston in 1836. 1845: loses Mexican-American War La Reforma 1854: Liberal reformer Benito Juarez leads Mexico after Santa Anna Begins La Reforma causes conservatives to start a civil war (1857) 1862: Juarez and reformers win, but conservatives convince France to invade Mexico, 1864: Maximillian is Emperor of Mexico 1867: Juarez and Gen. Porfrio Diaz able to defeat French invaders

4. The Porfiriato (1876-1911)  #1 Porfirio Diaz  Pres after Juarez death, industrializes Mexico by encouraging foreign investment (esp. US)  Helps rich & church, little to help poor & Indians  Becomes a dictator Madero escapes & starts Mexican Revolution. Exiled  1910: His opponent for the presidency Francisco Madero is jailed! Pan O Palo 1911: Madero helped by Emiliano Zapata & Pancho Villa, Diaz overthrown & goes into exile

5. Mexican Revolution: Madero & Huerta (1911-1915) 1911: #2 Francisco Madero is now President Emiliano Zapata wants land reform, take land away from foreigners & wealthy and give it to peasants, Madero rejects idea Zapata issues Plan de Ayala (remove Madero/enact land reform) Madero stops execution, Villa escapes from prison Tierra y Libertad Executed Pancho Villa arrested by Gen. Victoriano Huerta, Villa to be executed 1913: #3 Gen Huerta overthrows Madero, has Madero executed Huerta runs country as a military dictatorship

6. Mexican Revolution: Carranza (1915-1920) - Villa returns to Mexico to overthrow Huerta - Huerta flees into exile – Villa & Carranza both want to be Pres - Carranza allows US to send 5K troops under Gen. “Blackjack” Pershing into Mexico, Villa never caught -1919:Zapata is tricked by Carranza supporter & killed -1920:Carranza tries to fix election, killed by supporter of Alvaro Obregon Exiled - 1915: US backs #4 Carranza, 1916: Villa robs & kills Americans in New Mexico Assassinated - Villa joins w/ Zapata & Gen. Venustiano Carranza Assassinated

7. Mexican Revolution: Obregon & Calles (1920-1928) -Obregon has support of Army & peasants, has fair relations w/ Church -Leaves w/o violence, supports Plutarco Calles for Presidency - 1924: #6 Plutarco Calles founds Mexico’s PRI, fights w/ US over oil -Poor relations with Church (Christero War) -Doesn’t seek reelection, allowing Obregon to run -1928: Obregon wins election but is assassinated by Catholic militant Assassinated -Villa given amnesty by Mexican Govt but assassinated 3 years later Assassinated -1920: #5 Alvaro Obregon wins next election

8. Voices From the Past: Pancho Villa 1.Why did young Doreteo Arrango flee his village? 2.What were Villa’s best soldiers called during the Mexican Rev? 3.Why was he known as a Mexican Robin Hood? 4.How could Villa be ruthless? 5.How was Villa eventually killed?