1. The Mexican Revolution 1910-1920
Porfirio Diaz

2. 19th Century Latin America: Nation Building
Effects of Modernization
Neocolonialism
Dependency Theory
Export based economy
Lack of rural development
Decrease in communal and church lands
Civil liberties compromised
Foreign ownership
Urbanization
Abolition of slavery
Rio Branco Law of 1871
British Investment in Latin America (1914)
$5 Billion
U.S. Investment in Latin America (1914)
$1.6 Billion

3. 19th-20th Century Latin America: Nation Building
Latin American Economic Development
Cientificos
Order and Progress
Exports
Natural resources
Imports
Foreign capital
Manufactured goods

4. Porfirio Diaz Also from Oaxaca Mixtec & Spanish blood
Military was his way to power
Battle of Puebla
Runs on issue of “no reelection”
He quickly forgot his origins.

5. Mexico Under Diaz 1876-1911 Worked the system Rurales The Cientificos
Controlled the leadership of states
Handed out perks
Rurales
Little more than sanctioned bandits
The Cientificos
Tied to Social Darwinism
White man rule
Train the elite
Pan o palo – bread or club
If you played along you got bread, if not you got the club
Ley de Fuego
Catholic Church
Priests in Mexico increased from 3,000 to 6,000
When came back in told his wife they would have to carry him out next time.

6. Mexico Under Diaz 1876-1911 Yaquis Conflict
Stability led to investment
Railroads – all ran north and south
Telephones and telegraphs
Immigrants
Foreigners protected in courts
Ley Lerdo applied to ejidos (Native Indian communal land)
Rails play a big part in the Revolution
Yaqui in northwest Mexico resist and are rounded up and shipped to Yucatan to harvest henequen.

7. Mexico Under Diaz 1876-1911 Mexican Land Distribution
1911 The 900 largest landowners own over 9 million acres of land
Most campesinos owned no land
Exported cash crops but imported food stuffs

8. Mexico Under Diaz
“ I have no desire to continue in the Presidency. This nation is ready for her ultimate life of freedom.” Diaz Interview, Pearson’s Magazine (1908)
Interview was with James Creelman. Diaz misjudged the impact

9. Mexican Revolution

10. Mexican Revolution 1910-1920 Long Term Causes Political Economic
Mexican President Porfirio Diaz ( )
Exercises caudillo style of governing
Government is corrupt, inefficient, and authoritarian (ley fuega)
Economic
Hacienda system
High concentration of land ownership
Foreign ownership of major industries

11. Madero in San Antonio (center) 1910
Mexican Revolution
Long Term Causes
Social
Lack of upward mobility
High rates of poverty
Short Term Cause
Election of 1910 (June-September)
Francisco Madero
Opposition candidate
Arrest and election fraud
Plan of San Luis Potosi
Madero flees to U.S.
Madero in San Antonio (center) 1910

12. Mexican Revolution 1910-1920 Mexican Revolution Presidents
Madero Huerta Carranza Obregon

13. Mexican Revolution 1910-1920 Emiliano Zapata 1879-1919 Pancho Villa

14. Mexican Revolution 1910-1920 Overthrow of Diaz
Feb Madero returns to Mexico
Pancho Villa
Supports Madero
May 1911 The Treaty of Ciudad Juarez
Diaz exiled to France
Nov Madero elected president of Mexico
Emiliano Zapata
Opposed Madero
Plan of Ayala (Nov. 1911)

15. Mexican Revolution 1910-1920 Madero Presidency (1911-13)
Administrative Policies
Land Reform
Rebellion in Northern Mexico (March 1912)
Rebel leader Pascual Orozco
Rebellion suppressed by General Victoriano Huerta and Villa
Huerta arrests Villa
Overthrow of Madero
U.S. Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson
Murder of Madero
Huerta become president of Mexico
Francisco Madero

16. Mexican Revolution 1910-1920 Huerta Presidency (Feb.1913- July 1914)
Restores military dictatorship
Rebellion against federal government continues
Plan of Guadalupe
Venustiano Carranza
Alvaro Obregon
April 1914 U.S. troops occupy Vera Cruz
July 1914 Rebel forces defeat government forces. Huerta sent to exile
August 1914 Carranza becomes president of Mexico
Oct-Nov 1914 The Convention of Aguascalientes
Dec Rebels enter Mexico City
Victoriano Huerta

17. Mexican Revolution
Villa and Zapata
Mexico City 12/14

18. Mexican Revolution 1910-1920 Carranza Presidency (Aug.1914- May 1920)
Civil War ( )
Obregon defeats Villa
Columbus, New Mexico (March 1916)
The Punitive Expedition (March 1916-Feb. 1917)
Jan Zimmerman Telegram
Feb Mexican Constitution adopted
April 1919 Zapata murdered
May 1920 Obregon overthrows Carranza
Reasons
Carranza executed
Villa makes peace with Obregon
Venustiano Carranza

22. Mexican Revolution 1910-1920 Warfare Type Technology Tactics
Role of Women
Home Front

23. Mexican Revolution Warfare: Technology

24. Mexican Revolution Warfare: Technology

25. Mexican Revolution Warfare: Tactics

26. Mexican Revolution Warfare: Tactics

27. Mexican Revolution Warfare: Tactics

28. Mexican Revolution Homefront

29. Mexican Revolution Homefront

30. Mexican Revolution Role of Women: Soldaderas

31. Mexican Revolution Role of Women: Soldaderas

33. Post Revolution Mexico 1920-1940
Mexican Administrations
Alvaro Obregon
Reconstruction period
Modest agrarian reform policy
Pro business
Political stability
Assassinated in 1928
Alvaro Obregon
Reconstruction period
Modest agrarian reform policy
Pro business
Political stability
Assassinated in 1928
Elias Calles
Agrarian reform policy
Created Bank of Mexico
Cristeros rebellion
National Revolutionary Party
Increase in party corruption
Maximato
Reelection amendment
Extension of presidential terms

34. Post Revolution Mexico 1920-1940
Mexican Administration
Lazaro Cardenas
Implements large scale land distribution
Shuts down illegal business activity
Deports Calles to the U.S. (1936)
Modest improvement in standard of living for Mexican peasants
Nationalizes foreign owned oil companies
Stops most reforms by the end of his term
High water mark for the PNR