1. Revising the present and past participles Unit 5 Grammar

2. To revise the present participle and past participle as an adverbial and the different forms of the –ing form

3. Questions to lead in the topic 1.Do you remember the sentences including the V-ing form in the reading passage in unit 5? 2.Can tell me the functions of the present participle or the past participle in each sentence? 3.Do you know different tenses and voices of the V-ing form?

4. Summary: Functions:subject, object, predicative, attribute adverbial, complement Forms: doing/having done Being done/having been done/ having been done

5. New topic in this class: The usage of the present participle and the past participle as the adverbial and the forms"having done/having been done". Examine the sentences below and tell the similarities and the differences, especially the underlined part in each sentence.

6. 1.When asked why he came in without permission,he said nothing. 2.While attending a conference in Bejing, he got to know them. 3.Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note to them. 4.Seen from the mountain,the city is very beautiful. 5.Having been told many times,he couldn't understand what I meant. i

7. 6.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes,he didn't take notice. 7.Written in simple English,the book is easy to read. 8. Her husband died, leaving her 5 children. 9.Being used by me now,the bike can't be lent to you. 10.Everything prepared,we began to carry out the project.

8. Summary Similarities: 1.A present participle or a past participle can be found in each sentence. 2.They are all used as an adverbial. 3.Each participle gives us information about a reason,or time,condition, a result etc.

9. Differences between the V-ing form and the past participle 1.Different participles are used in the sentences.V-ing form means an active and continuous action( 主动，进行）,while the past participle means a complete and passive action （完成，被动）. 2.The V-ing form has its different tenses and voices( 不同的时态和语态 ). doing/having done/being done/having been done not doing/not having done/not having been done 3. The subjects of the participles should be the subjects of the main sentences.If not,there must be another subject before them （主语一致）. 4.When used as an adverbial, it gives us information of a reason/time/condition /a result,etc. It can be replaced by a clause or and +another predicate.( 等同于状语从句或并列的谓语动词） Look at the following examples:.

10. 用法例句 时间 Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street, I... 。 ) 1. 分词作状语

11. 用法例句 原因 Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. (= Because I was tired, …) 条件 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, …)

12. 用法例句 让步 Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me. (= Though he knows where I live, …) Not invited,I'll go to his family party. (=Even if I am not invited,I'll...)

13. 用法例句 伴随 I stood there, waiting for her. (= …, and waited for her.) 结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area. (= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.)

14. 1.Can you change the above sentences into a clause or another predicate?(pay attention to the tenses and voices of the V-ing form.) 2.Do you have any dificulty with the participles?

15. 3. Some key points 1) 分词 ( 短语 ) 作状语时，其逻辑主 语必须与句子的主语一致。如果 不一致，须用独立主格结构来表 示，也就是在 V -ing 前面加上它的 逻辑主语 :n/pron+V-ing/V-ed. for example,

16. 独立主格结构 1)Christmas Day being a holiday,the shops were all closed. 2)Weather permitting,we will go for a picnic this weekend. 3)There being no buses, we had to go back home on foot. 4)The teacher being ill, the lecture was put off.

17. 2) 分词固定搭配： exactly/strictly/speaking, considering.../ taking sth.into consideration, judging from..., talking of..., supposing/assuming (that)..., providing/provided (that)..., given (that)...etc.

18. 3) having done/having been done 表示其动作在主句谓语动词动作之前 已经完成。其用从句替代时谓语动词 常用完成时态。 for example, Having finished my work, I went to the concert. Never having seen a volcano erupting before, I was very excited. Having been told many times, he couldn't understand.

19. Summary and Promotion 1. 分词形式作状语可表示：时间、原因、条 件、让步、伴随等。 2. 动词 -ing 形式的完成式： 主动 :Having + p.p. …, 主语 + 谓语 被动 :(Having been) +p.p..., 主语 + 谓语 独立主格：名词 / 代词 + 分词 固定结构： generally speaking,judging from,considering...,sopposing that...,talking of,given that...,regarding

20. Evaluation and homework Finish off the rest exercises in the test paper.