1. Brief Response New homes and business opportunities, a fresh start away from the East. Conflict with Mexico. Land that new states will be created from California will be a rich new state

2. Today’s goal The market revolution was the beginning of great economic change in the US. New markets, entrepreneurs, and inventions changed and expanded the 19 th -century American economy. Work places and their conditions changed. Workers struggled to keep up with and even improve their economic security.

3. The Market Revolution p. 139

4. Vocabulary Market Revolution Americans increasingly bought and sold goods rather than make them for themselves. Images: – Cider making for marketing in cities – Stove ad for American homes…. – Store fronts and market streets in growing towns and cities – Coal mining to feed industry and home needs – Railroads to bring resources to factories, and people to growing regions. – Currency and banking system to provide the necessary cash.

5. Free enterprise Private businesses are allowed to operate competitively for profit with little government regulation.

6. Entrepreneurs People who undertake to use their own money to start and maintain a business venture. They risk failure and loss of huge amounts of money, as well as prison, in order to succeed and gain huge amounts of money.

7. Samuel F.B. Morse 1837, developed and patented the telegraph. Sent messages in code, by electric wire. Up to date price and sales information could be sent by businesses Railroads used it to move regularly and safely. In 14 years there were 23,000 miles of wire in the US.

8. Lowell Textile Mills Francis Cabot Lowell built them in Massachusetts. He used female employees: – abundant source of labor, – could pay lower wages than men Better pay than teaching, sewing, domestic work 12-hour work day or longer Dark, hot, cramped work locations.

9. strike A work stoppage by employees to force an employer to respond to worker demands. In the Lowell strike workers lost and had to go back to work at lower wages, leaders were fired. In the beginning the company usually won Workers had no unions, – no organization – No large treasuries to support a strike.

10. immigration Leaving one country to live and work in another. Three million came between 1845 and 1854. – One million were Irish, escaping the starvation of the Great Potato Famine. Faced anger and hatred from locals – Competition for jobs (lowered wages) – Irish were Catholic Christians (Local Americans were mostly protestant Christians.

11. National Trade’s Union 1834, trade unions from many towns began working together Different trades joined together Opposed by bankers, owners, and investors. Government favored owners – Courts ruled unions and strikes illegal

12. Commonwealth v. Hunt 1842, Massachusetts Supreme Court rules in favor of workers. They have the right to strike.

13. End hwk Begin class work

14. p. 140, Synthesizing Entrepreneurs created new businesses and new products to be bought and sold.

15. p. 141, Summarizing Technology influenced the North and Midwest by improving the means of transportation and communication. Inventions such as John Deere’s steel plow and the Cyrus McCormick’s reaper also improved farming in the midwest.

16. p. 142, Making Inferences Most factory owners regarded their workers in the same way they they regarded their machinery. They were to be maintained for as little money as possible to get the maximum production. – They would be discarded when no longer of any use.

17. p. 142, Summarizing Workers were not well organized They had little public support Strikers could be fired and easily replaced.

18. p. 143, 3, Analyzing Issues Manufactured items cost less than hand- made. Opportunities for women expanded Traditional families were breaking up.

19. p. 143, 4, Analyzing Primary Sources Inventors, such as Samuel Morse, would probably marvel at the progress of technology today. Farmers may have been grateful for new machinery. – Many could not afford the equipment – Many went into great debt to cover costs Laborers and factory workers might have pointed out how machinery made their lives more difficult with poor working conditions.

20. Today’s goal (review) The market revolution was the beginning of great economic change in the US. New markets, entrepreneurs, and inventions changed and expanded the 19 th -century American economy. Work places and their conditions changed. Workers struggled to keep up with and even improve their economic security.

21. Brief Response How did America change because of the Market Revolution?