1. WAYS OF KNOWING How do you know?

2. KNOWLEDGE CLAIM  A Knowledge claim (KC) are statement that make assertions to truth.  These claims are about knowledge NOT subject specific content.

3. KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS  Knowledge questions are questions about the nature of knowledge

4. AREAS OF KNOWLEDGE  Also known as AoK  How does each AoK support knowledge?  What subject matter does the AoK cover  There are 8 AoKs in ToK  We need to know at least 6

5.  Mathematics  Natural sciences  Human sciences  arts AOK  History  Ethics  Religious knowledge systems  Indigenous knowledge systems

6.  Language  Memory  Intuition  Faith WE NEED TO STUDY AT LEAST FOUR  Sense Perception  Emotion  Reason  imagination

7. SAMPLE ESSAY QUESTIONS  There is no such thing as a neutral question. Evaluate this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge. (May 2015)  “There are only two ways in which humankind can produce knowledge: through passive observation or through active experiment.” To what extent do you agree with this statement? (May 2015)

8. LANGUAGE  Pass on most knowledge and values  Create new knowledge  New research shows the language we speak may shape how we think.

9. EMOTION  Psychologists distinguish between 6 emotions: happiness, sadness, disgust, anger, fear, and surprise.  Emotions can both help and hinder knowledge  Are emotions innate or learned?

10. REASON  Working things out logically  Reason has different meanings, depending on who you ask  In ToK, you need to understand and critically evaluate logical fallacies

11. SENSE PERCEPTION  Without our senses, we would not know that the outside world exists.  Vital way of knowing  Can be deceptive and or inaccurate.

12. MEMORY  Vital to who we are  What we think we know, we remember  Can be unreliable  Influences how we gain new knowledge

13. IMAGINATION  Creativity  Problem solving  Useful in the Arts, Relgion, politcs, and Indigenous Knowledge

14. INTUITION  Knowledge from within  Immediate cognition

15. FAITH  One of the most argued WoK  How can you base a truth on something that is uncertain?