3. The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty

4. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations  No control of major conflicts.  No progress in disarmament.  No effective military force.

5. Hyper-Inflation in Germany: 1923 Hyper-Inflation in Germany: 1923

6. Dawes Plan (1924)

7. Young Plan (1930) For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years. $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years. By 1931, Hoover declared a debt moratorium. By 1931, Hoover declared a debt moratorium.

8. Rise of Dictators By 1939 only two European countries remained under democracy Totalitarian state- wanted complete of citizens Used propaganda No individualism

9. Mussolini: Italy Stalin: Russia Hitler: Germany

10. Fascism in Italy Benito Mussolini Fascism In 1920, he formed a group called the black shirts. In 1922, he threatened to march on Rome if not given power. Named prime minister of Italy and began to create a fascist dictatorship. Not as strong as Hitler or Stalin.

11. Soviet Union: USSR In 1922, Lenin and the communists After Lenin’s death there was a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky. 1929, Stalin came to power

12. Stalin’s Russia Economic, social and political revolution 5 year plan Increasing production. Social and political costs. Stalin used collectivization Resistance to Stalin

13. The Spanish Civil War: A Dress Rehearsal for WW II? Italian troops in Madrid

14. The “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory -German soldiers are dissatisfied. -Many citizens unhappy with treaty and German life.

15. Hitler and Nazi Germany Adolf Hitler was born in Austria in 1889. Hitler served in WWI and received the Iron Cross. After the war, he joined the German Worker’s party which he took over and renamed the Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) or Nazi party. He staged an uprising in Munich called the Beer Hall Putsch. The uprising was crushed and Hitler was sent to prison. In prison he wrote Mein Kampf.

16. Mein Kampf  My Struggle He laid out his ideas The right of superior nation to lebensraum The failure of the Beer hall putsch He increased the size of the Nazi party

17. But how could Hitler win power? His promise His appeal His supporters In 1933, Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. The enabling act Hitler becomes dictator.

18. The Nazi State Once Hitler passed the enabling acts, he quickly took over everything – Purged civil service of Jews – Est. concentration camps for people that opposed the regime – Dissolved trade unions – Abolished all other political parties Hitler becomes the “Fuhrer”

19. Nazi State Hitler’s Aryan racial state Third Reich, empire of Nazi Germany. Hitler’s totalitarian state The SS (schutzstaffeln-guard squadrons) Hitler puts millions of people to work

20. Unemployment numbers 6 million people unemployed in 1932 2.6 million people unemployed in 1934 Less than 500,000 people unemployed in 1937 ** By solving unemployment, it allowed many Germans to accept Hitler and his policies**

21. Original Source: Ms. Susan M. Pojer

22. Anti-Semitism In September 1935, Hitler passed racial laws called the Nuremberg laws- excluded Jews from German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and Germans. It also required Jews to wear the gold star of David and carry identification papers. November 9, 1938 the pogrom (organized persecution or massacre of a minority group) called Kristallnacht “night of shattered glass” Nazis burned synagogues, destroyed +7,000 Jewish business, killed hundred of Jews and sent 30,000 Jewish males to concentration camps. Kristallnacht lead to Jews being barred from public transit and all public buildings, barred from owning or managing a retail store and were encouraged to emigrate.

23. Kristallnacht

25. Give an inch... Hitler and the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler builds up Germany's military. The allies reaction to Hitler The Rhine land. Thus began the policy of appeasement

26. Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935 Emperor Haile Selassie

27. Rome-Berlin Axis, 1936 The “Pact of Steel”: Alliance between Mussolini and Hitler

28. The Austrian Anschluss, 1938

29. The “Problem” of the Sudetenland

30. Appeasement: The Munich Agreement, 1938 Now we have “peace in our time!” Herr Hitler is a man we can do business with. British Prime Minister: Neville Chamberlain 

31. Czechoslovakia Becomes Part of the Third Reich: 1939

32. The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, 1939 Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop & Molotov

33. The Manchurian Crisis, 1931

34. Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931

35. The Japanese Invasion of China, 1937