1. Vocabulary Assignment Define the 19 boldface words in Chapter 6. Make sure you use the text for the definition. Quiz Monday December 10

2. CHAPTER 6

3. Why is chromosome number important? New Idea

4. CELL FORMATION ADULTS PRODUCE 2 TRILLION CELLS EVERY DAY ALL THE INFORMATION IN THE DNA MUST BE PRESENT IN THE NEW CELLS

5. PROKARYOTIC CELL DIVISION BINARY FISSION PRODUCES IDENTICAL OFFSPRING

6. EUKARYOTIC CELL DIVISION INFORMATION ENCODED IN DNA IS ORGANIZED IN TO UNITS CALLED GENES THE DNA AND PROTEINS COIL INTO A STRUCTURE CALLED A CHROMOSOME

7. CENTROMERE CHROMATID

8. CHROMOSOME NUMBER DIFFERENT ORGANISMS HAVE DIFFERENT CHROMOSOME NUMBERS THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES REMAINS CONSTANT FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT

9. SETS OF CHROMOSOMES EACH OF OUR 23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES ARE HOMOLOGOUS (HOMOLOGS) THEY ARE SIMILAR IN SIZE, SHAPE AND GENETIC CONTENT

10. CELLS HAVING TWO OF EACH CHROMOSOME ARE DIPLOID DIPLOID = 2N (N=THE NUMBER OF DIFFERENT PAIRS) HUMANS HAVE 23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES THE 2N NUMBER = 46

11. TERMS ZYGOTE - SINGLE FERTILIZED EGG CELL GAMETES - SEX CELLS FERTILIZATION - FUSION OF SPERM AND EGG

12. AUTOSOMES ARE THE CHROMOSOMES NOT INVOLVED IN SEX DETERMINATION WE HAVE 22 PAIR SEX CHROMOSOMES DETERMINE THE SEX OF THE INDIVIDUAL WE HAVE 1 PAIR FEMALE XX MALE XY

13. KARYOTYPE THIS IS A PHOTO OF THE CHROMOSOMES OF A DIVIDING CELL THEY ARE ARRANGED BY SIZE

16. WHITE BLOOD CELLS ARE STOPPED IN METAPHASE THEY BURST AND CHROMOSOMES ARE EXTRACTED AND PHOTOGRAPHED

17. CHROMOSOMES ARE MATCHED TO THEIR HOMOLOGS THEY ARE THEN ARRANGED BY SIZE AND NUMBER THEY ARE THEN ANALYZED FOR DEFECTS

18. THE ARRANGEMENT CAN DETERMINE CERTAIN GENETIC DISORDERS, ADDITIONAL CHROMOSOMES, DELETED CHROMOSOMES OR TRANSLOCATION OF CHROMOSOMES

19. TRISOMY A TRISOMY OCCURS IN MEIOSIS WHEN THE CHROMOSOME PAIRS DO NOT SEPARATE PROPERLY INSTEAD OF A PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES, YOU HAVE 3

20. GENETIC DEFECTS RESULT COMMON TRISOMIES ARE: TRISOMY 8 TRISOMY 10

21. TRISOMY 13 (PATEAU’S SYNDROME) TRISOMY 18 (EDWARD’S SYNDROME) TRISOMY 21 (DOWN’S SYNDROME)

24. DOWN SYNDROME CAUSED BY NONDISJUNCTION OF CHROMOSOME #21 OR TRANSLOCATION WHERE CHROMOSOME #21 BREAKS OFF AND ATTACHES TO #14 USUALLY OCCURS IN WOMEN WHO GET PREGNANT AFTER THE AGE OF 40

26. CHARACTERISTICS VARYING DEGREES OF MENTAL RETARDATION SHORTER THAN NORMAL HEART, INTESTINAL OR VISION PROBLEMS GREATER RISK OF DEVELOPING INFECTION

27. How does mitosis contribute to life? New Idea

28. THE CELL CYCLE CONSISTS OF INTERPHASE AND MITOSIS

29. INTERPHASE NON-REPRODUCING STAGE IT MAKES UP MOST OF THE CELL’S LIFE DNA IS IN THE FORM OF CHROMATIN DNA REPLICATES MIDWAY THROUGH THE PHASE

30. CELL GROWTH AND NORMAL CELL FUNCTIONS MICROTUBUALS ARE ASSEMBLED

33. MITOSIS THE PROCESS OF FORMING IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS BY REPLICATING AND DIVIDING THE ORIGINAL CHROMOSOMES

34. PROPHASE THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE AND NUCLEOLUS DISINTEGRATES CHROMOSOMES COIL UP AND BECOME VISIBLE SPINDLE FORMS

37. METAPHASE CHROMOSOMES ATTACH TO THE SPINDLE AT THE CENTROMERE AND ALIGN AT THE EQUATOR

39. ANAPHASE CENTROMERES SPLIT AND SISTER CHROMATIDS SPLIT APART AND ARE PULLED TO OPPOSITE ENDS

41. TELOPHASE IN ANIMAL CELLS, THE PLASMA MEMBRANE BEGINS TO PINCH TOGETHER IN A PLANT CELL, A CELL PLATE BEGINS TO FORM

43. THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE ENCLOSES THE CHROMOSOMES SPINDLE FIBERS BREAK DOWN COMPLETELY MITOSIS IS COMPLETE

44. CYTOKINESIS THE CYTOPLASM DIVIDES IN HALF CELL MEMBRANE IS PINCHED IN HALF BY A BELT OF PROTEIN THREADS

45. IN PLANT CELLS, A CELL PLATE FORMS FROM VESICLES FORMED BY THE GOLGI APPARATUS A NEW CELL WALL FORMS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE PLATE Mitosis video

46. RATE OF CELL DIVISION 25 MILLION CELL DIVISIONS OCCUR EVERY SECOND IN THE ADULT HUMAN BODY BONE MARROW CELLS DIVIDE IN LESS THAN 1 HOUR

47. NERVE CELLS AND MUSCLE CELLS NEVER DIVIDE LIVER CELLS DIVIDE ONLY WHEN NEEDED FOR REPAIR CANCER IS RAPID UNCONTROLLED CELL DIVISION

48. CELLS STOP DIVIDING WHEN THEY DETECT CELL-TO-CELL CONTACT AT THE POINT IN INTERPHASE JUST BEFORE DNA REPLICATION