1. House Construction

2. Foundation and Frame Foundation – underlying base of the house
Walls
Footings
Footings – very bottom of the foundation I
The foundation must be strong enough to support the rest of the house.
Foundation Walls – support the load of the house between the footing and the floor
Form the basement or crawl space

3. Foundation
Footing should be placed on undisturbed, compacted soil below the frost line
Frost line – the depth to which frost penetrates soil in a specific area
Settling – houses adjust to the ground after they are built. This may cause hairline cracks or stress cracks. Stress cracks should be fixed by finding the problem that caused them.

4. Frame Frame – joists, studs, rafters Floor
Sill plate – the first piece of lumber attached to the foundation with anchor bolts
Floor frame is built on top of the sill plate
Joist – horizontal support members in the floor. Placed every 16 inches apart.
Girder – large horizontal member in the floor that takes the end load of the joists.
Sub flooring – plywood sheets nailed directly to the floor joists.

5. Wall Frame Wall frame is built on top of the floor frame.
Studs – 2”x4” or 2”x6” vertical boards nailed on top of a sole plate or double top plate
Headers – small beams that carry the weight of the wall over a doorway or window

6. Roof Frame Rafters – beams that support the roof
Ridge – where the rafters meet
Truss rafters – rafters that assembled at a factory in a triangular shape