1. More on Animal Farm Day Three Notes

2. The Principles of Animalism The basic ideas Old Major passes on in his first speech. –Humans are the enemy because they overwork the animals and treat them badly.

3. He says all animals should cooperate and overthrow the humans. He teaches that all animals are equal, even the wild creatures, and that they should all protect each other as friends.

4. He warns animals never to live in houses, sleep in beds, wear clothes, drink alcohol, smoke tobacco, touch money or engage in trade – these are all evil habits of humans.

5. MOST IMPORTANTLY!!! No animal must ever try to exert power over another animal– strong or weak, they are all brothers. He teaches them the song, Beasts of England, as a symbol of Animalism and its ideas.

6. First, Snowball, Napoleon, and Squealer develop Old Major’s ideas into a complete system and name it Animalism. They determine the specific principles they can teach to the other animals.

7. The pigs then reduce the principles into 7 basic commandments. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. No animal shall wear clothes. No animal shall sleep in a bed. No animal shall drink alcohol. No animal shall kill any other animal. All animals are equal.

8. Notice that the 7 commandments have omitted some of Old Major’s original warnings, such as that animals should not touch money or engage in trade.

9. Although the animals are equal, the pigs take over the leadership with the very first harvest– it is seen as natural because they know more and they should direct and supervise the others.

10. The 7 commandments are then reduced again to just one principle which is written in bigger letters above the other 7. “Four Legs Good, Two Legs Bad”

11. It is then accepted that the pigs have the right to decide the farm policies because they know more even though all animals are equal.

12. This is when Napoleon decides that the animals should not even be allowed to vote on decisions, but everything should be decided by a committee of pigs which will meet in private and communicate its decisions to the other animals. He, of course, presides over the committee.

13. The skull of Old Major is then set up on a stump beside the flagstaff and gun and the animals are required to pass it reverently before entering the barn on a Sunday.

14. Though the animals are supposedly “equal” the seating arrangement in the barn reflects a kind of hierarchy. The pigs and dogs sit on the raised platform, with the other animals sitting facing them in the main part of the barn. At the very front of the platform are Napoleon, Squealer, and the poet Minimus, the young dogs forming a circle around them.

15. It is only at crucial moments, like when the animals are dragging heavy boulders up the slope of the quarry, that the pigs do manual labor.

16. Napoleon decides to trade with humans, going against Old Major’s warning. He claims there was never any resolution against this. But the farm needs things that they cannot produce for the building of the windmill.

17. Squealer begins referring to Napoleon as “the Leader.” When the pigs move in to the farmhouse, the 4 th commandment is mysteriously changed to read, “No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets.”

18. Napoleon’s dogs slaughter a large number of the animals. It is then the animals recognize that the rule has been changed, but they cannot remember what the old one had read.

19. The song, “Beasts of England” has been changed to “Animal Farm” The 6 th commandment is “mysteriously changed” after Napoleon has several animals executed.

20. The term ‘comrade’, originally meant to remind everyone that all the animals are equal, becomes meaningless when used in connection with the general hero-worship of Napoleon.

21. After the pigs get drunk on whisky from the farmhouse cellar, Napoleon orders Whymper to buy some booklets on brewing and distilling, and arranges to plant barley. That’s when the 5 th rule is “changed.”

22. Squealer explains away the fact that the pigs and dogs have not had their rations reduced along with the others, by saying that a too rigid equality in rations would be ‘contrary to the principles of Animalism’.

23. Napoleon argues against ideas from the earlier days of Animalism, like putting electric lights in the stalls, by saying that they are ‘contrary to the spirit of Animalism.’

24. The pigs disobey even the ‘essence’ of Animalism– four legs good, two legs bad. In the end, the 7 commandments are obliterated and replaced with one commandment which is opposite of the originals: “All animals are equal, but some are more equal than others.”

25. Right after this, the pigs order a telephone and newspaper subscriptions and start wearing clothes, carrying whips and smoking pipes. After so completely subverting the principles of Animalism, the pigs actually turn into humans.

26. Revolution does not eliminate tot. in Animal Farm – His thesis is that it merely gives power to new masters who become corrupted.