1. E ATING AND E ATING D ISORDERS Arika Zimmerman and Allie Rhodes

2. “Television presents viewers with two sets of conflicting messages. One suggests that we eat in ways almost guaranteed to make us fat; the other suggests that we strive to remain slim.” – L. Kaufman (1980, p. 45) “Research shows that virtually all women are ashamed of their bodies. It used to be adult women, teenage girls, who were ashamed, but now you see the shame down to very young girls – 10, 11 years old. Society’s standard of beauty is an image that is literally just short of starvation for most women.” – Author Mary Pipher, People Magazine, June 3, 1996

3. Food advertisements The impact of food advertisements on behavior Food in television programming and movies Food advertised in schools Does television viewing increase childhood obesity? Eating disorders and body image Disordered body image Anorexia and bulimia Conclusions and solutions

4. S OME F ACTS A BOUT F IGURES 33-23-33Average measurements of a model 36-18-33Barbie doll’s measurements 5’4’’, 141 PoundsAverage American Woman 5’9’’, 110 PoundsAverage Model 33%Percent of American women wearing size 16 or larger $10 BillonRevenues of Diet industry in 1970 $33 BillionRevenues of the diet industry in 1996

5. O BESITY American children view an estimated 40,000 advertisements a years. More than half of these ads are food, especially sugared cereals and high- calorie snacks (Harrison & Marske, 2005) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1W6Ku5bJR 4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1W6Ku5bJR 4 (Cookie Crisp) [120 Calories per Cup, 13 Grams of Sugar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuVdlrZ1XWA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuVdlrZ1XWA (Reeses Puffs) [130 Calories Per ¾ Cup, 12 Grams of Sugar]

6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDutKuSA0K Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDutKuSA0K M (Fridays) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsqUshEERvE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsqUshEERvE (Hardees) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ER4YVYEmWj ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ER4YVYEmWj o (Coca Cola)

7. D ISCUSSION Q UESTIONS Where did you originally learn about food and eating habits? How do you feel when you see food commercials?

8. E ATING D ISORDERS Television can serve as an important source of information for young children and teens about food and eating habits. More American children are becoming obese while more American teenagers continue to suffer from eating disorders. “For example, a major study of nearly 2,500 middle school teens in North Carolina found that 10% of the girls and 5% of the boys reported vomiting or using laxatives to lose weight.” (Krowchuk, Kreiter, Woods, Sinal, & Durant, 1998)

9. W HAT IS A DVERTISED ? (108 A DS ) Food and Restaurants37 Low-nutrient beverages16 Desserts and snack foods15 Breads and Cereals11 Convenience Entrees6 Fruits and Vegetables4 Dairy Products2

10. O THER P ROBLEMS In a study of 9 and 10 year olds, more than half believed that Ronald McDonald knows what is best for children to eat (Food Commission, 1997). Healthy foods are advertised less than 3% of the time. Many food ads contain violence (62%), conflicts (41%), and trickery (20%). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4okJZpq_sPs (Trix Cereal) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4okJZpq_sPs

11. D ISCUSSION Q UESTIONS

12. E XPOSURE TO F OOD A DS VS. E XPOSURE TO PSA ON F ITNESS OR N UTRITION AgeNumbers of Food Ads Seen per Day Number of Food Ads seen per Year Hr: Min of Food Ads seen per Year 2-7124,42729:31 8-12217,60950:48 13-17176,09840:50 AgeMin: Sec of PSA of Nutrition Per Day # of PSAs on Nutrition Seen Per Day Hr: Min of PSAs on Nutrition Seen per Year 2-70:141641:25 8-120:121581:15 13-170:04470:25

13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6XfMtaw8aU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6XfMtaw8aU (2:20) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=24Xa1Nw8eJY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hibyAJOSW8U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hibyAJOSW8U (dove) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_I17cK1ltY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_I17cK1ltY (manipulation)

14. A DVERTISING IN S CHOOLS

15. E ATING D ISORDERS Food is rarely used to satisfy hunger. Rather it serves to bribe others or to facilitate social introductions. Media has an obsession with thinness: 88% of all characters are thin or average body built. On shows popular with teenagers 94% of characters are below average body weight. Being overweight provides comic ammunition.

16. O VERWEIGHT C HARACTERS Nonrecurring Fewer Romances Fewer Friends Less Leadership Less Sex Shown Eating http://www.youtube.com/watch? NR=1&feature=fvwp&v=fyYtAU JSneQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch? NR=1&feature=fvwp&v=fyYtAU JSneQ (Family Guy) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =XXJdsKuEyc4 (Mike and Molly) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= vbyUUbnkB1chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v= vbyUUbnkB1c (Cartman) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= U4jvm0rLkgshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v= U4jvm0rLkgs (mean girls)